04/25/2026
1860s: Law concerning Marks and Brands and Rodeos in Contra Costa County.
If you're thinking of today's rodeos, a sporting event that involves horses and other livestock, designed to test the skill and speed of its participants that comprises roping, steer wrestling, saddle bronc riding, bull riding, etc., you'd be way off. π
Driven by the hide-and-tallow trade, this system of rounding up livestock was managed by vaqueros (Mexican cowboys) who used reatas (lassos) to gather cattle for branding, counting, and separation based on ownership. The practice followed California's 19th-century Spanish ranchero traditions, where cattle from various owners were rounded up twice a year to identify, brand, and castrate calves in the spring, or slaughter for hides and tallow in the fall. πππ»π
Because cattle from multiple, neighboring ranches grazed freely together, the rodeo was essential to sort herd ownership. Spring was for branding new calves, while the fall roundup was used to determine which steers were ready for slaughter. A Juez de campo (field judge), was present at rodeos to settle ownership disputes. Every ranchero registered their unique brand with local government officials.
During the Mexican era (1821β1848), agriculture and ranching on Rancho San Pablo also centered on extensive cattle operations under Don Francisco MarΓa Castro, who received the grant in 1823. The rancho supported large herds estimated at 1,400 head of cattle, 600 sheep, and 600 horses that grazed freely across the unfenced lands, providing meat, hides, and tallow for trade with American merchants along the California coast. This hide-and-tallow economy dominated from the 1820s to the 1840s, with cattle driven to ports like San Francisco for export, leveraging the rancho's proximity to San Pablo Bay. Castro established headquarters near Wildcat Creek, where basic processing occurred, including rendering tallow for candles and soap. π―οΈπ§Όπ
Today's rodeos were originally based on the skills required of these working vaqueros. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaquero
Learn more about San Pablo and its Rancho history by visiting our museums on the First Saturday of each month. Our next opening will be next Saturday, May 2nd from 11AM to 3:00PM. ποΈ FREE Admission ποΈ
Alvarado Museum: 13831 San Pablo Avenue, San Pablo, CA 94806
Blume House: 13873 San Pablo Avenue, San Pablo, CA 94806.
More info: (510) 255-7488, [email protected]