09/09/2026
Who gave the land the city of Salisbury is on and is counted as our founding father? It wasn’t James Innes or Francis Corbin, who had streets named after them, and it wasn’t one of the Scots-Irish families that would come to run most of the politics. It was actually a man that was jailed for debt in Maryland in 1740 and had issues with money and conning people for the rest of his life. James Carter was his name and he only got out of jail in Maryland because the colonial assembly passed a special act for men who could not pay their way out of debtors prison and would otherwise, as the act put it, "inevitably continue Prisoners for Life." Once free, he worked west into the Shenandoah Valley, built mills in Augusta County, Va, and by 1747 he and a few partners — Morgan Bryan, Squire Boone, John Dunn, Hugh Forster — had settled on a plan. Carolina land was cheap and fertile, the Granville land office wanted settlers, and the wagon road was starting to carry settlers into the Yadkin Valley.
The plan worked for Carter for a few years. Rowan County was cut off from Anson in 1753, and on March 21, 1754, Carter walked into court as deputy surveyor with a warrant for 635 acres to create the county seat. Granville's agents granted that land to Carter and Forster as trustees the next year, and the two of them conveyed better than a hundred Salisbury lots to different buyers between 1755 and 1762. He sat as one of Rowan's early justices of the peace, won a seat in the General Assembly in 1754, and obtained a major's commission in the Rowan County Militia. Carter would come to own 6,674 acres of land. During this time, he shows up in the Register of Deeds making the first two recorded Slave transactions, selling enslaved people to his daughter Mary and her husband Jonathan Boone, brother of Daniel Boone.
Then the French and Indian War slowed the land trade, and Carter's creditors caught up with him. The assembly found in 1757 that he had been entrusted with £500 proclamation money to buy arms and am******on for Rowan and had never accounted for it. He lost his commission as justice of the peace and his militia rank. His seat with the General Assembly was lost that November, and by the spring of 1761 he had sold nearly all his land at auction. He kept one tract on Potts Creek, where he died in 1765. You’ve probably heard of Squire Boone, John Dunn, and possibly Morgan Bryan, but the troubled man who actually helped lay out and sell the land for the city of Salisbury has been all but forgotten.
For more information about James Carter, check out Robert W. Ramsey, "James Carter: Founder of Salisbury," North Carolina Historical Review 39, no. 2 (April 1962): 131-139.
Photo from the Register of Deeds showing James Carter's signature on the sale of Vol to Jonathan Boone in 1756.