10/12/2026
When Indigenous art becomes activism ā
Zitkala-Å a was born in 1876 on the Yankton Indian Reservation and was raised a member of the Yankton Dakota Sioux Tribe.
As she grew older, Zitkala-Å a wrote about her personal experiences and the customs she had learned from her mother. In 1901, she published a compilation of her work in a book called "Old Indian Legends."
With William Hanson, a music professor, ZitkÔla-ŠÔ wrote an opera based on her essays called "The Sun Dance," which premiered in 1913. It was the first published opera written by a Native American.
After her death, Zitkala-Å a's story was lost. Hanson claimed that he had been the sole writer of "The Sun Dance," and many of her other works went out of publication.
It was the activists and historians of the Red Power movement in the 1960s and 1970s who unearthed her work and made sure it was shared with future generations.
Learn more about Zitkala-Å a through Women & the American Story: https://bit.ly/3VwRgXL
Gertrude Kasebier, Zitkala Sa, Sioux Indian and activist, c. 1898. Gertrude Kasebier, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.