10/10/2026
The Spanish Forger
The Ascent to Calvary, Paris, c. 1900-1920
Tempera, ink and gold leaf on 15th-century parchment, 190 x 130 mm (framed: 31.4 x 25 x 1.6 cm)
While his works were believed to be authentic 15th-c. Spanish paintings or illuminations, the Spanish Forger - a name derived from the nationality wrongly assigned to him - was unmasked in 1930 by Belle da Costa Greene, director of the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York. Having successfully deceived numerous experts and collectors until that date, the Spanish Forger is now recognized as one of the most talented and prolific forgers in history. Today, his works are studied, collected, and appreciated for what they truly are: fakes. The Spanish Forger’s art illustrates in a unique and remarkable way the history of the art of deception, the history of the art market, and the history of the taste for the Middle Ages.
The present illumination depicts the Ascent to Calvary within a large initial 'A', crowned with scrollwork and floral ornaments. Before an architecture intended to represent Jerusalem, from where Christ departs to begin his journey to the cross, Christ is placed at the center, supporting the cross on his right shoulder. He receives the sudarium, upon which the Holy Face has appeared, handed to him by Saint Veronica. Full of dynamism and movement, the illumination is enriched by the numerous figures: to the right, four holy figures, including the Virgin in blue and Saint John behind her; to the left, soldiers and executioners, one of whom, in the foreground dressed in red, pulls Christ by a rope. A soldier on horseback heads toward Golgotha, indicated by the small hill in the background.