27/07/2026
Lithgow’s coal story began in 1838, when settler Andrew Brown recorded “getting coal” from a working in the valley.
The railway’s arrival in 1869 changed everything. Coal could move east toward Sydney, drawing investment into collieries at Eskbank, Vale of Clwydd and Oakey Park. Mines fed locomotives, factories, power stations and Lithgow’s iron industry.
By the early twentieth century, the valley became a major industrial centre. The Lithgow blast furnace opened in 1907 and remained Australia’s sole iron producer for seven years. Coal also supported brickworks, copper refining, railway workshops and the Small Arms Factory.
The government-owned State Mine opened in 1916 and became one of the Western Coalfield’s largest employers. Generations worked underground, building a culture shaped by pit whistles, union meetings, hard shifts and mining families.
Lithgow’s industrial peak faded. Iron and steel production moved to Port Kembla, railways changed from steam to diesel, older pits became uneconomic and the State Mine closed after severe flooding in 1964.
Coal never disappeared completely.
Springvale and Clarence remain active underground operations near Lithgow, together supporting hundreds of workers. Springvale supplies Mount Piper Power Station, while Clarence serves export and specialist domestic customers.
Today, Lithgow is balancing its mining inheritance with manufacturing, public services, tourism and plans for an energy transition. Blast Furnace Park, Eskbank House and the State Mine Heritage Park preserve the machinery, dangers and communities of the old coal era.
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Photo: Rattle111 / WikiCommons
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