10/14/2026
“List of 13 Historic Names of Rio Grande/Rio Bravo” stands tall as a stunning amate paper text wall installation in artist Nicole Antebi’s multi-media exhibition Rebel Waters/Aguas Rebeldes. As the name suggests, this work consists of thirteen different historic names for the nearly 1900-mile long river that runs through El Paso, Texas and Ciudad, Juárez—acting as a natural border between Mexico and the U.S.. Each name, displayed in a list-like format cascading down the gallery wall, was given to the river by a different historical groups. Each name, bearing their own semantic weight and connotations, are connected visually by their vivid colors: bright red, neon pink, electric orange, lime green, and highlighter yellow. The colors contrast with the muted tones of the amate paper from which each letter is formed. Amate paper, which is made from the inner bark of the Jonote tree, has roots reaching back to pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. This traditional bark paper—which physically connects all the names that have dominated the river throughout history—serves as a medium of resistance against the aggressive domination of the natural world that many of these names demand.
Each name displayed on the wall was given to the river with a different intention. The many names given to the river by indigenous groups, such as P’osage, Paslápaane, and Hañapakwa, suggest understanding of the land and peaceful coexistence. This is contrasted with names such as the Rio Bravo, which was first given to the river by a Spanish colonial exploratory expedition. The act of naming and mapping the river in this context was one of political possession. In this light, Antebi’s “List of 13 Historic Names of Rio Grande/Rio Bravo” embodies, through the semantic connotations of naming, the different relationships the various historical and contemporary groups have with the river. Ultimately, this work’s visual form and context, blends beautifully into the larger Rebel Waters/Aguas Rebeldes exhibition—showcasing Antebi’s skill as an artist as well as her deep understanding of the politics and history of the Rio Grande/Río Bravo river.
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