Robert H. Jackson Center

Robert H. Jackson Center Dynamic programs, exclusive exhibits, and curated collections housed in an historic 1858 mansion

Eighty years after the Nuremberg Trials, the crime of aggression, first prosecuted under the charge of "crimes against p...
09/04/2026

Eighty years after the Nuremberg Trials, the crime of aggression, first prosecuted under the charge of "crimes against peace," remains one of the most complex and contested areas in international criminal law.

Join us TODAY, September 4, at 12:00 PM EDT for "Nuremberg's Legacy: The Crime of Aggression: An Update on the Special Tribunal for Ukraine and Broader Jurisdiction for the ICC," a live virtual session exploring how Nuremberg's legacy continues to shape modern debates over accountability for acts of aggression and the evolving jurisdiction of international courts.

Professor Jennifer Trahan, Esq., Director of the Concentration in International Law & Human Rights at the NYU Center for Global Affairs and Convenor of The Global Institute for the Prevention of Aggression, will examine current efforts to establish a Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression against Ukraine and proposals to expand the ICC's jurisdiction over aggression.

How far has the world come in holding leaders accountable for aggression, and how far do we still have to go?

Register: https://www.roberthjackson.org/event/nurembergs-legacy-the-crime-of-aggression-an-update-on-the-special-tribunal-for-ukraine-and-broader-jurisdiction-for-the-icc/

Part of our "80 Years of Nuremberg: An International Reflection" series.

09/03/2026

POV: everyone ordered a different cocktail, and now you have to “research” which one is best. For science, obviously.

Don't miss out on Jackson After Dark.

Tickets are on sale now. https://www.roberthjackson.org/event/2026jade/

M&T Bank Evans Wines & Liquors Johnson Estate Winery Wicked Warren's Lucas West Sukanya Burman Dance

Dr. Anton Korynevych, Legal Adviser and Director for International Law of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of , has been...
09/02/2026

Dr. Anton Korynevych, Legal Adviser and Director for International Law of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of , has been named the recipient of this year's Joshua Heintz Award for Humanitarian Achievement. The announcement was made Sunday at a ceremony as part of the International Humanitarian Law Roundtable (IHLR) at the Robert H. Jackson Center in Jamestown, New York.

"I consider this Award to be the award for all the Ukrainian lawyers who within all these years of the Russian Federation's aggression against Ukraine work hard in order to secure human rights, application of best international legal standards, rule of law and ensure justice and accountability,"

The is an annual gathering of international prosecutors, judges, scholars, practitioners, military legal advisers, diplomats, and students dedicated to advancing the understanding and application of international humanitarian law and international criminal justice. The IHLR provides a unique forum for discussing contemporary challenges in armed conflict, accountability, human rights, and the rule of law.

09/01/2026

🍷 Raise a glass — Johnson Estate Winery is pouring at Jackson After Dark!

We're thrilled to have **ery on board as our w**e sponsor, featuring two w**es for the evening:

🍇 Maréchal Foch, a semi-dry red with a rich, dark ruby color and abundant berry-cherry aromas, finishing dry and smooth.

🥂 Seyval Blanc, a crisp, dry white with notes of green apple, light-to-medium bodied and food-friendly

Join us Saturday, September 12, 2026 | 6–9 PM at the Jackson Center for live entertainment, craft cocktails, hors d'oeuvres, and fellowship.

🎟️ Tickets on sale now at RobertHJackson.org/JAD

Thank you to our sponsors: Evans Wines & Liquors, Wicked Warren's, Johnson Estate Winery, and M&T Bank.

Special performances by Sukanya Burman Dance and Lucas West

08/31/2026

OTD in — August 31, 1946 — Trial Day 216: Hess's final word

Called to make his closing personal statement under Article 24, Rudolf Hess denied the Tribunal's authority outright: "I do not defend myself against accusers to whom I deny the right to bring charges against me." He voiced no remorse for serving Hi**er, calling him "the greatest son whom my people has brought forth" and declaring "I do not regret anything," closing by placing his fate in the judgment of God rather than the court.

08/31/2026

in — August 31, 1946 — Trial Day 216: Video many defendants
Under Article 24, the Tribunal called each defendant to make a final personal statement. Göring went first, protesting that the Prosecution treated defendant testimony as truthful only when it supported the Indictment and as "perjury" whenever it didn't.

Von Papen answered Prosecutor Shawcross's jab that he had "preferred to reign in Hell rather than serve in Heaven," insisting love of country, not the N**i regime, had guided every action of his life.

Speer alone struck a different note, warning that Hi**er's dictatorship had married tyranny to modern technology, and predicting future wars in which a rocket could "destroy one million people in the center of New York" within seconds, "without previous warning, faster than sound."

Doenitz defended submarine warfare as a matter of conscience, while Raeder declared that the German Navy stood before the Tribunal "with a clean shield and an unstained flag" — closing out a single extraordinary session in which all twenty present defendants spoke their last words before judgment.

08/30/2026

in — August 30, 1946 — Trial Day 215:
Brigadier General Telford Taylor opened the Prosecution's case against the General Staff and High Command, dismissing the "not a group" defense and quoting defense witness Reinhardt's own admission that he did "not believe there was a single officer who did not back up Hi**er in his extraordinary successes."

Taylor punctured the generals' claim that they learned of atrocities only after the war, noting how blame kept landing on men who could no longer answer for themselves: "The common denominator of these scapegoats is that they are all dead."

He walked through Hi**er's 1942 Commando Order to execute captured Allied commandos, quoting Rundstedt's own wartime report that "the treatment of enemy commando groups has so far been carried out according to the Hi**er order," despite Rundstedt later testifying that he had "evaded" and "sabotaged" it.

Taylor insisted scale changed nothing about the crime, telling the Tribunal that murder "is not the less murder whether there is one victim, or 55... or Ohlendorf's 99,000."

08/29/2026

in - August 29, 1946 - Trial Day 214:
Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe opened the Prosecution's rebuttal to the organizations' defense, dismissing warnings that a criminal declaration would forever brand ordinary members and asking bluntly of the guilty, "ought they not to be so branded?"

He tore into the defense witnesses' denials as incredible, noting that Morgen had described Dachau as "a recreation camp," and quoting Himmler's own wartime address to the Waffen-SS boasting of the "toughness... to shoot thousands of leading Poles."

After the recess, Thomas J. Dodd rose to deliver the United States' closing argument on the organizations, opening, warning that stripping the conspirators of these organizations would have been fatal to their plans: "Take away the SA and they would have lost the mastery of the streets; take away the SS and they would have had no concentration camp system; take away the Gestapo and they would have had no means of illegal arrest and unlimited detention."

Dodd dismissed the organizations' defense counsel for blaming each other in turn, the Gestapo pointing to the SS, the SS to the SD, the SD back to the Gestapo, countering flatly that "all of these executive agencies participated in the commission of these vast crimes against humanity."

https://roberthjackson.org/events

08/28/2026

in — August 28, 1946 — Trial Day 213:
A letter from General Warlimont was read into the record, recounting Colonel Buerker’s statement that in autumn 1943 three officials proposed extending bacteriological research beyond purely defensive purposes. According to Buerker, when the matter reached Field Marshal Keitel, Keitel became “extremely angry” and declared that such measures had long been forbidden and were out of the question.

Counsel Kubuschok then opened the closing plea for the Reich Cabinet, arguing that declaring the Cabinet a criminal organization would in practice condemn individual ministers without separately proving each minister’s personal guilt.

Kubuschok invoked constitutional scholarship, including Bieberstein’s 1930 work, to argue that German constitutional practice did not recognize English-style “cabinet solidarity”; ministers, he argued, bore personal rather than collective responsibility.

He traced Hi**er’s absorption of the Reich President’s powers after the Enabling Act and argued that ministers who tried to break with the regime faced direct consequences: Schacht was sent to a concentration camp, while Popitz was executed for his role in the 20 July 1944 plot.

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