10/16/2026
"It's my to***co, and I wanna sell it now!" - Anonymous colonist
Beginning in 1651, Parliament passed several Navigation Acts to increase profits from the colonies.
These acts required all Virginia to***co to be shipped to England only in English ships, forbidding the colonies from trading freely.
The Acts angered colonists because they could get good prices trading with other colonies and Dutch competitors. However, England’s profits depended on forcing Virginians to buy expensive English-made goods, ship their to***co to English merchants on English ships, and pay customs duties that went into royal coffers.
The Navigation Acts written in the 17th century are the same ones that angered patriots on the eve of the American Revolution.
After the 1650s, these acts were in effect but rarely enforced with vigor until Parliament looked to the colonies to subsidize the economic impact of the French and Indian War (1756-1763). Just as they angered 17th-century colonists when they first took effect, 18th-century patriots saw the acts as significant parliamentary overreach, undermining their rights as British subjects.