08/11/2026
THE TOWN THAT REFUSED TO LEAVE
Nicodemus, Kansas | 1877–Present
They arrived during one of the harshest winters the prairie had to offer. Around one hundred and fifty formerly enslaved men, women, and children traveled to Graham County, Kansas, determined to create a community of their own. When they reached the open prairie in 1877, they found little more than endless grassland stretching to the horizon. There were no homes waiting, no roads, no supplies, and no promises of help. With winter closing in and temperatures falling fast, they faced a choice: abandon their dream or build a future from almost nothing.
They chose to stay. With little timber available and no shelter ready, many families dug homes directly into the earth. Those underground dugouts became protection from the brutal prairie winter. Through months of cold and hardship, they endured beneath the ground they hoped would someday become their home. When spring arrived, they emerged and began building above it. Slowly a town took shape. Churches, schools, businesses, a post office, and family homes appeared on the prairie. They named the settlement Nicodemus, inspired by stories of freedom, perseverance, and self-determination.
In 1888, a major railroad route crossed Kansas but passed several miles away from Nicodemus. Many communities that were bypassed struggled to survive. Businesses relocated, residents moved away, and towns faded into history. Nicodemus endured. The people who had survived that first winter refused to abandon what they had built. They farmed the land, raised families, educated their children, and continued investing in the future of their community.
Today, Nicodemus remains one of the most remarkable historic communities in America. Though its population is small, the town continues to stand on the same prairie where its founders first arrived nearly a century and a half ago. It is recognized as a National Historic Site and remains the only surviving western town established by African Americans after the Civil War that has remained continuously inhabited. What began as a handful of dugouts beneath the Kansas prairie became a lasting symbol of resilience, determination, and the decision to stay when leaving would have been easier.