08/27/2026
In February of 1806, Corps private William Bratton had reportedly begun to experience a "tedious illness". This illness had continued for months, with Lewis writing on May 24, 1806:
"So weak in the loins that he is scarcely able to walk, nor can he set upwright but with the greatest pain. we have tryed every remidy which our engenuity could devise, or with which our stock of medicines furnished us, without effect."
Private John Shields had recommended the ingesting of a diaphoretic, medicines that induce sweating. Shields would specifically recommend a species of snakeroot native to southern Canada (Senega officinalis). This plant was unavailable to them, still on the eastern edges of the Rockies. Instead, they utilized a "horsemint", a name commonly given to a handful of plants in the mint (Lamiaceae) family. Many botanists believe the specific mint used was Bee Balm (Monarda fistulosa), which was quite common to the area.
The treatment Lewis gave involved "copious amounts of strong tea" and repeatedly submerging Bratton in an ice bath for 20 minutes before moving him and covering him up in blankets, to continue the sweat treatment. It’s hard to say what part of the treatment resolved the ailment, but Lewis did record that,
"Bratton feels himself much better and is walking about today and says he is nearly free from pain."
Sources:
Lewis, Meriwether. May 24, 1806. The Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. 2005. U of Nebraska Press / U of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries-Electronic Text Center. 5 Oct. 2005 http://lewisandclarkjournals.unl.edu.
Townsend, Kristopher K. “Bee Balm (Horsemint)” Discover Lewis & Clark, https://lewis-clark.org/sciences/plants/bee-balm-horsemint/.
Image Credit: Krzystof Ziarnek 2022 (Creative Commons 4.0)