06/10/2026
Although the breweries sprouting up around western North Carolina are a fairly new phenomenon, people have been making alcohol in these mountains for hundreds of years. In the 18th century, the British government, which tried to tax everything including closets, imposed an excise on manufacturing whiskey. The Scots and Scots-Irish in particular opposed paying this tax, one major incentive for many to emigrate to the New World.
Once in the hills of Pennsylvania, colonial farmers found it easier to transport grain to market in the form of alcohol. It kept longer that way, and barrels of whiskey were far less cumbersome to move than bushels of grain over the rough roads. Even George Washington distilled whiskey. That didn’t stop him from trying to tax it once the newly established United States needed the funds. The Pennsylvania distillers didn’t appreciate this tax any more than their parents had appreciated the British excise. When their Whiskey Rebellion failed, many moved to the southern Appalachians, at that time the wilderness frontier.
In the remote coves, settlers found a wealth of hiding places for their stills. Then Thomas Jefferson repealed the whiskey excise in 1801, rendering the clandestine manufacture of alcohol obsolete for the time being. However, the distillers’ established penchant for secrecy would come in handy a century later for a far different reason.
In the North Carolina mountains, the first alcohol denouncers arrived on the heels of the moonshine makers. Famous circuit preacher Francis Asbury rode through Madison County in 1800, observing “My company was not agreeable here—there were too many subjects of the great potentates of this Western world, whiskey (and) brandy. My mind was greatly distressed.”
Asbury wasn’t the only one distressed by whiskey. By the late 1800s, sensationalized news stories of intoxicated murderers and other perils of strong drink had convinced many that alcohol should be banned. In 1908, North Carolina voted to outlaw alcohol, preceding national prohibition by a decade. In response, many Appalachian distillers simply resumed their habit of secrecy leftover from the excise days, perpetuating an entire mythology around moonshine that remains potent to this day.