The American Jewish Historical Society (AJHS)

The American Jewish Historical Society (AJHS) Est. in 1892, AJHS fosters the awareness and appreciation of American Jewish history

AJHS has over 25 million documents, 50,000 books, 10,000 photographs and thousands of rare artifacts -- many available for viewing by the general public at our reading room and others available digitally from our website: http://www.ajhs.org

Russ & Daughters staff behind the counter in the 1970s. In 1907, founder Joel Russ moved to the United States from the s...
09/02/2026

Russ & Daughters staff behind the counter in the 1970s. In 1907, founder Joel Russ moved to the United States from the shtetl of Strzyżów, now part of modern-day Poland. He began by selling schmaltz herring to fellow Eastern European Jewish immigrants on the Lower East Side. His business steadily grew from a pushcart to a horse-and-wagon operation and, finally, in 1914, a physical store on Orchard Street. In 1920, he moved the store to 179 East Houston Street, where Russ & Daughters has remained ever since, becoming an enduring landmark of American Jewish life. It is best known for its delicious staples like bagels, smoked salmon, and potato latkes.

In 1930, Russ made his three daughters, Hattie, Ida, and Anne, official business partners, adding “& Daughters” to the business name. It was the first business in America to use the designation, in contrast to the traditional “& Sons.”

Russ & Daughters Business and Family Records (I-605)

Ambassador John Langeloth Loeb, Jr., one of the American Jewish Historical Society’s most prolific donors, both in terms...
09/01/2026

Ambassador John Langeloth Loeb, Jr., one of the American Jewish Historical Society’s most prolific donors, both in terms of collections and philanthropic support, passed away on August 5, 2026. Learn more about his family, his prolific careers in finance and government, and more from AJHS senior archivist Tanya Elder. https://ajhs.org/remembering-ambassador-john-langeloth-loeb-jr/

08/31/2026

The City College of New York opened on February 5, 1849, as the Free Academy of the City of New York. Founded to provide accessible higher education to immigrants and working-class students, this home movie from 1947 features students strolling across campus, period fashion and automobiles, and views of its Neo-Gothic architecture.

This recording is from the Kurt K. Field Tapes (P-805) at the American Jewish Historical Society. The collection documents the leisure activities of an American Jewish family from 1939 to 1966. The City College footage dates to 1947.

In June 1944, President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered the establishment of the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter in...
08/30/2026

In June 1944, President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered the establishment of the Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter in Oswego, New York, which the War Relocation Authority operated. It served as the only official U.S. shelter for refugees from N**i-occupied Europe during World War II.

In August 1944, the shelter received 982 refugees of predominantly Jewish descent and of various national backgrounds, especially Yugoslavian, Austrian, Polish, German, and Czechoslovakian. Because of their immigration status as “guests,” the refugees could not work or travel beyond Oswego. Upon release, many were granted permanent or temporary status. The shelter was closed in February 1946. In 2002, the site became an active museum where visitors can learn the stories of these refugees.

Fort Ontario Emergency Refugee Shelter Collection (P-317)

In 1886, a congregation of Eastern European Jews financed the construction of the Eldridge Street Synagogue in the Lower...
08/29/2026

In 1886, a congregation of Eastern European Jews financed the construction of the Eldridge Street Synagogue in the Lower East Side. This account book follows four years of the congregation’s expenses, from 1883–1887. A large portion relates to the cost of hiring architects, paying masons, and organizing a cornerstone-laying ceremony in November 1886.

An architectural marvel designed by German-born architects Peter Herter and Francis William Herter, the synagogue uniquely combines diverse architectural styles. Its horseshoe arches borrow from Moorish Revival and Islamic architecture, while its massive stained-glass windows are inspired by Gothic cathedrals.

The synagogue thrived until the 1920s, when the Jewish population of the Lower East Side declined, largely due to rising economic success and upward mobility. At the same time, the American government increased restrictions on immigration from Eastern Europe, reducing the number of new immigrants settling in the area.

By the 1940s, the remaining congregation worshipped in the building’s smaller lower-level chapel while the main sanctuary deteriorated. In 1986, preservationist Roberta Brandes Gratz founded the Eldridge Street Project to preserve and restore the building. After an extensive 20-year restoration, the building was rededicated as the Museum at Eldridge Street in 2007. It now serves as an active museum and learning space.

Congregation Kahal Adath Yeshurun with Anshe Lubitz [Eldridge Street Synagogue] (New York, N.Y.) Record (I-617)

The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom took place 63 years ago today, on August 28, 1963. An estimated 250,000 pro...
08/28/2026

The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom took place 63 years ago today, on August 28, 1963. An estimated 250,000 protestors gathered at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., to demand civil rights for Black Americans. Jewish participation at the march was substantial. The Jewish Labor Committee, the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, and numerous other Jewish organizations mobilized large delegations. The first photograph shows a bus from New York to Washington, D.C., chartered by the American Jewish Congress.

At the protest, Rabbi Joachim Prinz, president of the American Jewish Congress and a refugee from N**i Germany, delivered a profound address warning of the dangers of silence in the face of injustice and cruelty. Prinz said: “Our ancient history began with slavery and the yearning for freedom…It is for these reasons that it is not merely sympathy and compassion for the black people of America that motivates us.” It is also a “sense of complete identification and solidarity born of our own painful historic experience.” Following Prinz’s words, Martin Luther King Jr. gave his renowned “I Have a Dream” speech, where he encouraged America to abandon the “dark and desolate valley of segregation” to embrace the “sunlit path of racial justice.” The third photograph shows Prinz and King sharing a press The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom took place 63 years ago today, on August 28, 1963. An estimated 250,000 protestors gathered at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., to demand civil rights for Black Americans. Jewish participation at the march was substantial. The American Jewish Congress, The Jewish Labor Committee, the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, and numerous other Jewish organizations mobilized large delegations. The first and second photographs show several of the buses chartered to transport participants from New York to Washington, D.C.

At the protest, Rabbi Joachim Prinz, president of the AJ Congress and a refugee from N**i Germany, delivered a profound address warning of the dangers of silence in the face of injustice and cruelty. Prinz said: "The most important thing that I learned in my life and under those tragic circumstances was that bigotry and hatred are not the most urgent problem. The most urgent, the most disgraceful, the most shameful and the most tragic problem is silence." Following Prinz’s words, Martin Luther King Jr. gave his renowned “I Have a Dream” speech, where he encouraged America to abandon the “dark and desolate valley of segregation” to embrace the “sunlit path of racial justice.” The third photograph shows Prinz at the press podium with organizer Bayard Rustin.

The third image shows the front of the march with Dr. King arm in arm with civil rights leaders, Joachim Prinz second from King on the right. A massive crowd supports them from behind carrying signs reading, "We March for Jobs for All Now," "We Demand Voting Rights Now," and "End Segregated Rules in Public Schools."

A new exhibition and companion podcast, ALL WE HAVE STANDING BETWEEN US, offer a timely opportunity to reflect on the past and consider the future of democracy in America. EPISODE 5: IT OUGHT TO BE POSSIBLE focuses on Jewish involvement in the Civil Rights Movement and features historians Andrew Sperling and Britt Tevis. Available now on Apple, Spotify, and wherever you get your podcasts.

Records of The American Jewish Congress (I-77)

08/28/2026

What do the X-Men and the March on Washington have in common? Co-Curator Roy Schwartz and Historian Andrew Sperling discuss a historical connection between AJHS' two featured exhibits, "The Jack Kirby Way" and "All We Have Standing Between Us."

August 28th is the birthday of Jack Kirby, creator of some of Marvel's most popular superheroes; it is also the anniversary of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. The first issue of Jack Kirby's "The X-Men," a story about a band of mutants who are ostracized from society for their special gifts, was released in September 1963 - a month after the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. The Civil Rights Movement was the backdrop to the X-Men story, and many find it a valid metaphor for the Black American and Jewish American experience - a small minority fighting against prejudice and persecution.

"The Jack Kirby Way: How a Boy from the Lower East Side Became the King of Comics" is presented in partnership with the Jack Kirby Museum and Research Center. "All We Have Standing Between Us" is presented in partnership with the Center for Jewish History and Yeshiva University Museum. Both are now on view at the Center for Jewish History.

Jack Kirby, born Jacob Kurtzberg (1917–1994), is the co-creator of the Marvel Universe and its pantheon of superheroes. ...
08/27/2026

Jack Kirby, born Jacob Kurtzberg (1917–1994), is the co-creator of the Marvel Universe and its pantheon of superheroes. Currently, AJHS has an exhibit, "The Jack Kirby Way: How a Boy From the Lower East Side Became the King of Comics" that shares Kirby's origin story as a child growing up on the Lower East Side.

On May 11th, Marvel held a private reception in Jack Kirby’s honor at the Society of Illustrators in Midtown Manhattan. Guests received a special edition comic, limited to 500 copies, Celebrating Jack Kirby Way; the block of Essex Street between Delancey and Rivington Streets that was named in his honor earlier that day. The comic is a reprint of Fantastic Four #29—the classic story “It Started on Yancy Street!”—with a new cover and two essays, one by Rand Hoppe and one by Roy Schwartz. Roy's introduction essay explores Kirby’s connection to the street that now bears his name. We are delighted to share that essay with AJHS readers: https://ajhs.org/exclusive-marvel-comic-ties-into-ajhs-jack-kirby-exhibit/

NEW EPISODE 106 - Free to Become Themselves. The Women’s Liberation movement demanded a fundamental rethinking of gender...
08/26/2026

NEW EPISODE 106 - Free to Become Themselves. The Women’s Liberation movement demanded a fundamental rethinking of gender, family, and social life. Jews were prominent on both sides of the debate. Many were among the movement’s leading theorists and thinkers. Others, especially neoconservative, became its sharpest critics, arguing that second-wave feminism threatened traditional social norms.

This episode of ALL WE HAVE STANDING BETWEEN US features historians Ronnie Grinberg and Dan Schwartz as well as archival audio of Betty Friedan, Midge Decter, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, and Bella Abzug. https://ajhs.org/democracy-podcast/free-to-become-themselves/

08/25/2026

Archival footage of American Jews enjoying a picnic at the Palisades, a line of cliffs along the west side of the lower Hudson River. They stretch roughly 20 miles from New Jersey to New York.

This footage is from the Kurt K. Field Tapes P-805 at the American Jewish Historical Society. The collection documents the leisure activities of an American Jewish family from 1939 to 1966.

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