10/23/2026
Today for , we are highlighting an engaging resource about the history of the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes in our ongoing series highlighting Native American history related to the the Smoky Valley area.
The Wichita are the Kirikir?i:s in the Wichita language and their peoples include the Wichita Proper, Waco, Taovaya, Tawakoni, and Kichai.
In particular, we want to point you to the History page of the tribal website (based in Anadarko, Oklahoma) at https://wichitatribe.com/department-of-preservation/
It includes Wichita history from 1540 through the present, offers elder interviews, and provides interactive Wichita language resources - such as English to Wichita translations and video readings of Wichita language children's books.
Ancestral Wichita peoples are known to have lived in the Smoky Valley region, with both the Paint Creek site and the Sharps Creek site providing evidence of their historical presence. They were likely among the tribes encountered by Coronado during his 1541 expedition in the area. Pressures in the late 1700s and early 1800s pushed them to move farther south into modern-day Oklahoma and Texas.
Daily life for the ancestral Wichita peoples included both farming and hunting. During the spring, summer, and fall, families lived in permanent grass house villages with nearby cultivated garden crops of corn, squash, and pumpkin. In the late fall and winter, the Wichita left the villages on extended buffalo (bison) hunting expeditions. This meat would be hung to be preserved by drying for long-term storage.
European settlement to the area was devastating to the Wichita, as both physical violence and contagious disease reduced their numbers to less than 1,400 by 1820. The establishment of the Texas Republic in 1836 was a further threat, with no reservation founded until 1855 when Texas joined the United States. Further hostilities forced retreat north into Oklahoma and then into Kansas in 1863-1867. With no land to farm and epidemics of smallpox and cholera sweeping through the population, only 822 people returned to Indian Territory in 1867 after the Civil War.
In the 20th century, the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes have recovered and grown, with a central organization in Oklahoma and revival of tribal traditions, including an annual summer visitation between the Wichita and Pawnee people. In 2026, the tribes reported 3,905 members enrolled nationwide.
We encourage you to take a few moments to read and discover this important history.
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(Pictured: Tribal elders Betty Kauley, Shirley Davilla, and Sandra Wilson, who were interviewed for one of the videos on the site. Shirley is mother of Betty and Sandra.)