08/13/2026
NAHF Enshrinee Captain Joseph Kittinger joined the Air Force in 1949 and quickly earned his wings. After being assigned to Ramstein Air Base in West Germany, he volunteered as a test pilot flying F-86 Sabre jets. His success in this program led to his assignment to the Air Force Missile Development Center at Holloman Air Force Base in New Mexico where he met fellow NAHF Enshrinee Colonel John P. Stapp, who was testing the effects of gravity and immense force on the human body, vital research for the United States’ fledgling space program. Stapp had already been experimenting with a ground-based rocket sled which he used to study the effects of high G forces on the human body, often using himself as the test subject. He had set a land-speed record of 632 mph and survived experiencing over 46 Gs, proving the human body could withstand much more force than previously believed and leading to the development of improved safety procedures and equipment for pilots, astronauts, and the regular American citizen (as his research led to improved safety harnesses for automobiles).
Thoroughly impressed by Stapp, Kittinger transferred to the Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (88th Air Base Wing) in Dayton, Ohio to be a part of Stapp’s high-altitude research program: Project Manhigh. Kittinger became an aeronaut, flying into near space enclosed in a gondola attached to a balloon and reaching an altitude of 96,800 feet in June 1957. In their next project, Stapp wanted to test a new multi-stage parachute design that aimed at eliminating the deadly flat-spin that had been experienced at high altitudes up to that point. The test subject? Joseph Kittinger. Project Excelsior saw Kittinger go up in an open gondola three times. The first two he went up 76,400 and 74,700 feet respectively on November 16 and December 11, 1959. His third and final flight took place on August 16, 1960, and it almost began with disaster. One of the gloves of his protective suit had failed to pressurize, and his hand swelled to twice its normal size, causing him much discomfort. Kittinger wasn’t going to let a little swelling of the hand stop him though, and after a short prayer, he stepped out of the gondola at an absolutely unbelievable 102,800 feet. He free-fell for over 80,000 feet lasting 4.5 minutes and reaching speeds up to 614 mph! Stapp and Kittinger’s research and experiments were vital to the development of the U.S. space program as it proved that people could survive the extreme conditions of space with the correct equipment.
Kittinger wasn’t done sailing high. In 1962, as part of Project Stargazer, he and a naval astronomer went up to 82,000 feet to test a telescope above Earth’s atmosphere, setting the stage for future space telescopes Hubble and Web. He served three tours as a fighter pilot in Vietnam before being shot down and spending 11 months as a prisoner of war. In 1978, he retired from the military and began competing in balloon competitions, becoming the first man to solo the Atlantic Ocean in a gas balloon in 1984. Kittinger’s highest skydive world record held for 50 years until it was broken in 2012 by Swiss balloonist Felix Baumgartner who leapt from 128,100 feet. Kittinger mentored Baumgartner and handled the communications while he was in the balloon.