Polk County MN Historical Society

Polk County MN Historical Society The Polk County Historical Society is dedicated to the preservation, study, and education of the history of Polk County Minnesota.

Making our region’s robust and diverse history come alive for current and future generations. Donate online at https://www.givemn.org/organization/polkhistorical.

1931 on Thompson Ave (Main Street) in Fisher. Farmers line up their Model T converted to tractors for sugarbeet work. Th...
05/29/2026

1931 on Thompson Ave (Main Street) in Fisher. Farmers line up their Model T converted to tractors for sugarbeet work. They are hooked to six row planters, and were used with six row beet cultivators.

The Model T was reliable (if you knew its quirks) and tough. Likely in the 1930's farmers could buy a used Model T and convert it for far less than a 20 horsepower tractor.

1905 Hamilton Brothers hardware in Fisher. Three generations of Hamiltons operated a hardware store in the village.A min...
05/22/2026

1905 Hamilton Brothers hardware in Fisher. Three generations of Hamiltons operated a hardware store in the village.

A mini-Meanards/Lowes/Home Depot with a few extras, wagons, buggies plows. And something the big box stores don't offer today: Undertaking.

The Opera House was on the second floor. Not that opera was that popular, but an events center for the community.

Hamilton Brothers

Hardware, cutlery, glass, paints, oils, wallpaper, shades, furniture, lumber, sash, doors, lime, cement, wagons, buggies, plows, etc.

The 1930's are known as the "Dust Bowl". The Red River Valley was significantly drier than normal, but most years at lea...
05/21/2026

The 1930's are known as the "Dust Bowl". The Red River Valley was significantly drier than normal, but most years at least a sparse crop was managed. Annual precipitation (only have Fargo data) for 1930-1939 ranged from 14" - 19", "normal" being about 24".

Except 1936 where the total precipitation for the year was 8.87".

July 1936 was the month that doomed all hope. Drought and searing heat caused a total failure of almost all crops. Swarms of grasshoppers ate what little survived.

The Farmer's Voice, of Bagley, penned an editorial that described the disaster so prevalent across the Midwest. Farms were lost, unable to make land payments or financial obligations.

The schools of the past from McIntosh Heritage & Arts Center.
05/19/2026

The schools of the past from McIntosh Heritage & Arts Center.

Some Polk County "blasts from the past." From the Minnesota Digital Network, respective attributions captioned.
04/25/2026

Some Polk County "blasts from the past."

From the Minnesota Digital Network, respective attributions captioned.

FIRE!The pioneer days of the nation, and of Polk County were rife with fires. Buildings constructed completely of non-tr...
03/19/2026

FIRE!

The pioneer days of the nation, and of Polk County were rife with fires. Buildings constructed completely of non-treated dry pine. Forests cut over by logging. Wood and coal stoves, kerosene lanterns, candles. Lightening.

Fire-fighting apparatus in villages was often restrained to the "bucket brigade", the main source of water the water tower for the steam engine trains. In the late 1800's a number of villages procured Waterous steam powered pumps. To get the coal fire hot enough to produce steam to power the pump may take up to an hour. Typically, they could pump up to 100 gallons per minute, compared to modern fire trucks with capacities per hose of 1000-2000 gallons per minute.

Most vulnerable to multi-building fires were business districts, where a block of businesses, all wood, were attached to each other leading to rapid spread. Cladding a building with brick could slow the spread, but despite describing these as "fireproof", countless brick clad buildings burned, the interiors still wood.

Two notable business district fires in Polk County were in Fisher, March of 1901, and Erskine, September 1904. Other villages certainly had devastating fires.

The 1901 Fisher Fire was described by the Fisher Bulletin as arson; the Polk County Journal did not mention arson. The reasoning was that it started in a building with no heat currently burning (the Woodmen Hall upstairs but not in use) and cold storage on the ground floor.

The origin of the 1904 Erskine Fire was more obvious. The Nelson & Hoyum Saloon loft was spread with hay, allowing drunks and hobos to sleep it off. I doubt that would pass regulations today. Compounding the challenges of primitive firefighting, the fire pump intake was jammed into the sand (assumed water was to be drawn from Cameron Lake) rendering it useless.

The photos are below, with the Bemidji Daily Pioneer article of the Erskine fire, and a link to a PDF of the Fisher Bulletin article reproduced with photos.

The Erskine photo is in the archives of the PCHS, the Fisher photo from a low-quality newspaper photo in the Fisher Bulletin.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1REXiGtEEXGfCxwVVxaVfQ24KGHLbGiHj/view?usp=sharing

Did you know - Polk County has 49 Minnesota DNR Wildlife Refuges (about 29,000 acres) and two National Wildlife Refuges,...
03/17/2026

Did you know - Polk County has 49 Minnesota DNR Wildlife Refuges (about 29,000 acres) and two National Wildlife Refuges, Glacial Ridge (37,000 acres) and Rydell (2,200 acres)? In addition, there are an uncounted number of National Waterfowl Production areas and Wetland Management Areas, wetlands protected for waterfowl breeding.

Wildlife refuges preserve habitat for - wildlife. The preservation of forest, wetlands, and breeding habitats for big and small game, waterfowl, and birds is essential. Specific regulations allow hunting, and nature lovers can walk through for the natural environment.

The Nature Conservancy, funded by the Minnesota Clean Water, Land, and Legacy Amendment Outdoor Heritage Fund seeks to restore and preserve many of the State lands, some of which are in ownership by the Conservancy.

In addition to wildlife, the native flora and fauna is preserved.

Polk County has 127 lakes, many for public access and fishing.

Most are located east of the Red River Valley, but between Fisher and Eldred is the Malmberg Prairie (80 acres), managed by the Nature Conservancy, that has never seen a plow and represents what the Valley was like before agriculture.

In addition, other areas not under state or federal management include the Sand Hills Recreation Area and Agassiz Environmental Learning Center (a non-profit), the land owned by the City of Fertile.

Take a day to "smell the prairie roses" in Polk County!

The Evolution of Polk CountyThe flurry of counties formed out of another county or several counties in the 19th and earl...
02/08/2026

The Evolution of Polk County

The flurry of counties formed out of another county or several counties in the 19th and early 20th Century is a dizzying study. As settlers homesteaded and populations grew, the citizens would petition the legislature and vote on a new county, by township.

By the early 1900's the State Legislature finally said "Enough!" The last county approved of the present 87 counties was Lake of the Woods, formed in 1923 out of Beltrami County. The last county formed out of the original Polk was Pennington, the second youngest county, in 1910, formed out of Red Lake formed in1896.

In the early 1900's, a number of petitions were rejected to further divide present Polk County, which was finalized in 1896 after Red Lake was formed.

The years on the 1864 map are the years of the map, not the year of incorporation. After the legislature approved a county, it took several years to form a government and establish the boundary.

An attempt to color code the changing boundaries hopefully clarifies a very confusing history.

Below are dates of county incorporation. The date the county was "formed" by legislature does not indicate that those boundaries were permanent or even defined. Portions of one county briefly were added to another county, then absorbed into yet a different county. It kept cartographers busy. Until surveys were completed, boundaries were not necessarily accurate.

Becker 1858
Beltrami 1866
Clay 1862
Clearwater 1902
Norman 1881
Pennington 1911
Polk 1858
Red Lake 1896

A box of unlabeled aerial farm photos from Zekan-Robbins photo service of Iowa is in the archives of the PCHS. The photo...
02/07/2026

A box of unlabeled aerial farm photos from Zekan-Robbins photo service of Iowa is in the archives of the PCHS. The photos are from the 1940's and assumed to be farmsteads in west Polk County. If you recognize a farmstead, you are welcome to save the photo and let us know where it is or was.

The Minnesota Digital Library has published these scenes from the Polk County "Fertile" Fair, 1930-1940. The photos were...
02/02/2026

The Minnesota Digital Library has published these scenes from the Polk County "Fertile" Fair, 1930-1940. The photos were from the Polk County Fair Association and provided by the Fertile Public Library. To this day the Fertile Fair is a summer favorite.

Address

719 E Robert Street
Crookston, MN
56716

Opening Hours

Tuesday 12pm - 4pm
Wednesday 12pm - 4pm
Thursday 12pm - 4pm
Friday 12pm - 4pm
Saturday 12pm - 4pm
Sunday 12pm - 4pm

Telephone

(218) 281-1038

Alerts

Be the first to know and let us send you an email when Polk County MN Historical Society posts news and promotions. Your email address will not be used for any other purpose, and you can unsubscribe at any time.

Contact The Museum

Send a message to Polk County MN Historical Society:

Share