The Cleveland Museum of Art

The Cleveland Museum of Art The CMA creates transformative experiences through art, “for the benefit of all the people.”
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The Cleveland Museum of Art offers dynamic experiences that illuminate the power and enduring relevance of art in today’s global society. The museum builds, preserves, studies, and shares its outstanding collections of art from all periods and parts of the world, generating new scholarship and understanding, while serving as a social and intellectual hub for its community.

Did you know that China’s Southern Paradise has the most cases ever exhibited in a CMA exhibition? Anyone have a guess f...
09/26/2023

Did you know that China’s Southern Paradise has the most cases ever exhibited in a CMA exhibition?

Anyone have a guess for how many cases? Comment below! 🧐

09/26/2023

Add some midweek excitement to your calendar with tickets to Love in Exile, the trio of Arooj Aftab, Vijay Iyer, and Shahzad Ismaily—three of the most innovative composers and music-makers of today.

Brought to you by Grog Shop, witness these world-class musicians forge a singular voice that builds on their distinct backgrounds and vast histories to create a one-of-a-kind performance, defined by a sense of timeless beauty.

Tickets here: https://bit.ly/3PU51KT

09/25/2023

This stunning silk and wool tapestry, Family Gathering on New Year’s Morning, is a showstopper. 😍

The European-style tapestry employs Western perspective and shading combined with the traditional Chinese subject of a family gathering in a palace, including motifs expressing wishes of good fortune and for a peaceful reign.

To see masterworks like this and more (and to conjure up a bit of good fortune for yourself 😉), grab a ticket to China’s Southern Paradise here: https://engage.clevelandart.org/overview/10547

Featured in our newest exhibition, China's Southern Paradise, is this intricate silver raft cup.The 3D photogrammetry mo...
09/23/2023

Featured in our newest exhibition, China's Southern Paradise, is this intricate silver raft cup.

The 3D photogrammetry model of this piece can be found here: https://bit.ly/3ZqzgMz

Learn more about China's Southern Paradise here: https://bit.ly/3ZkWpzI

09/22/2023

You’ve probably seen this stunning Taihu Garden Stone in our atrium, but as of late, it’s found a temporary home in our newest exhibition, China’s Southern Paradise.

Joining a space with over 200 objects from all over the world, this scholar’s rock feels right at home, especially with a variety of depictions of the sculptural stone all throughout the exhibition.

How many scholar’s rocks can you spot?

The Ingalls Library celebrates Latinx Heritage Month featuring select new titles by and about Latinx artists available t...
09/21/2023

The Ingalls Library celebrates Latinx Heritage Month featuring select new titles by and about Latinx artists available to you during library hours.

09/20/2023

Senior Conservator of Paintings and Head of Paintings Conservation, Dean Yoder, is inpainting Venus Discovering the Dead Adonis, painted in Naples around 1650. Dean is applying conservation-grade reversible paints to carefully reconstruct areas of paint loss. Old, pre-existing fills were first toned to match the ground layer, followed by fine lines and dots to simulate an aged paint layer.

09/19/2023

A peek into paradise. China’s Southern Paradise that is.

Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta, a once-in-a-lifetime exhibition, features 240 masterworks, many of which will never be seen together again. This landmark exhibition is the first in the West to explore the historical and cultural riches of a pivotal region called Jaingnan—conceived by artists as heaven on earth— and will only be seen in Cleveland.

Tickets available here: https://www.clevelandart.org/exhibitions/china%27s-southern-paradise-treasures-lower-yangzi-delta

Have you bought your ticket to paradise yet?China's Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta is open now...
09/18/2023

Have you bought your ticket to paradise yet?

China's Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta is open now. Grab your timed ticket here: https://bit.ly/3ZkWpzI

09/18/2023

A perfect weekend at the CMA ✨

Thanks to all who joined us in grabbing their chalk and bringing their creative ideas to the sidewalk. We loved watching your masterpieces come to life. 🎨

09/15/2023

We’re kicking off with an artist feature that will bring some bold color to your day. ✨

Over the last decade, Firelei Báez has become one of the leading voices in her generation of Latinx artists. Based in New York City, Báez is an American artist of Haitian and Dominican descent.

She works across media addressing themes that include histories of colonization, popular culture, and the natural world. A painter above all, Báez fuses boldly colored abstract gestures with finely rendered figurative details, creating powerful canvases whose rendered worlds are at once exuberant and controlled.

Untitled (Plate 36. Vertical and Latitudinal Distribution of Animal Life) is in line with the artist’s signature investigation of water, which she sees as a connecting force that unites migratory communities, from Africa, to the Caribbean, and throughout the Americas.

Untitled (Plate 36. Vertical and Latitudinal Distribution of Animal Life), Firelei Báez. 2023.6.

Did you know the museum has been featured in more than one Hollywood film? 🎥 Movies were shown in the museum as part of ...
09/14/2023

Did you know the museum has been featured in more than one Hollywood film? 🎥

Movies were shown in the museum as part of children's programming as early as 1917. We began showing film as an art form in 1936. Film animation classes in the 1960s and 1970s created movies that were shown in commercial theaters. Lights out Locked Up (1972) and two other student films are now available to view on the Internet Archive here: https://bit.ly/3sSl5DF

Friends bring friends to the museum. It’s as simple as that. Tag a friend you want to take to the CMA   🖼️
09/14/2023

Friends bring friends to the museum. It’s as simple as that.

Tag a friend you want to take to the CMA 🖼️

The Community Arts Center is hosting a free mini chalk festival to get you excited and inspired for the upcoming two-day...
09/07/2023

The Community Arts Center is hosting a free mini chalk festival to get you excited and inspired for the upcoming two-day festival at the museum the following weekend.

More information here: https://bit.ly/3PaDOlf

Read more about our current exhibition, Colors of Kyoto: The Seifū Yohei Ceramic Studio, here: https://bit.ly/3Pt9xzt
09/07/2023

Read more about our current exhibition, Colors of Kyoto: The Seifū Yohei Ceramic Studio, here: https://bit.ly/3Pt9xzt

09/05/2023

INSTALL A HANGING SCROLL WITH US ✨

Our team is deep in the process of installing the upcoming exhibition, China's Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta (and making it look easy, might we add). Take a trip to paradise with us and check out this exhibition featuring more than 200 objects.

Reserve a ticket here: https://www.clevelandart.org/exhibitions/china%27s-southern-paradise-treasures-lower-yangzi-delta

A Prunus in the Moonlight, 1300s. Wang Mian (Chinese, 1287–1359). Hanging scroll; ink on silk; painting. 1974.26

Chalk Festival is coming up soon! ✨🎨Join us on September 16 and 17 was we turn the walkways of the Fine Arts Garden into...
09/02/2023

Chalk Festival is coming up soon! ✨🎨

Join us on September 16 and 17 was we turn the walkways of the Fine Arts Garden into a colorful canvas. More info here: https://bit.ly/44Bi0F2

Labor Day recognizes the many contributions workers have made to the strength and prosperity of the United States.Many o...
08/31/2023

Labor Day recognizes the many contributions workers have made to the strength and prosperity of the United States.

Many of the contributions of these workers are depicted in the CMA collection. Learn more through our Collection Online here: https://bit.ly/3dXC4IJ

Since 1967, the Ingalls Library has welcomed students in the CMA-CWRU joint program in art history. Throughout their aca...
08/24/2023

Since 1967, the Ingalls Library has welcomed students in the CMA-CWRU joint program in art history. Throughout their academic career, the library is their home where dedicated staff guide them through their studies.

Librarian Beth Owens is also an adjunct member of the CWRU art history department faculty. Classes are held in the library seminar room as well as museum galleries.

The first Friday of the month is approaching and you know what that means…🕺Grab your tickets for MIX: Raja, a night cele...
08/24/2023

The first Friday of the month is approaching and you know what that means…🕺

Grab your tickets for MIX: Raja, a night celebrating South Asian music, dance, art, and cuisine. It’s the perfect opportunity to view A Splendid Land: Paintings from Royal Udaipur before it’s too late. ✨

For more info and tickets, visit https://www.clevelandart.org/events/special-events/mix-raja.

08/23/2023

It’s Virgo season! ♍️

And what better way to kick it off than meandering through our Fine Arts Garden? Located by the museum’s south entrance, you’ll find Chester Beach’s Fountain of the Waters and these various statues portraying the 12 zodiac signs.

Which zodiac statue is your favorite? 👀

  Assistant Conservator of Paintings, Julianna Ly, is safely reducing an old, non-original, yellowed varnish from the su...
08/23/2023

Assistant Conservator of Paintings, Julianna Ly, is safely reducing an old, non-original, yellowed varnish from the surface of Berthe Morisot’s Reading, 1873. Morisot’s Reading was featured in the first exhibition of Impressionist painters in 1874. Along with being among the first exhibited Impressionists, Morisot was also the only woman among the six organizers of the show including Monet, Pissarro, Degas, Sisley, and Renoir.

Careful testing is always conducted under a microscope before cleaning begins to ensure that a cleaning system can be devised that will not harm the original paint film.

Stay tuned for more updates about this ongoing treatment!

08/22/2023

You can now take your Udaipur experience home with you, thanks to PUR Spices LTD 🤭

Stop by the museum store to pick up these specialty sauces and spice blends, and be sure to hit A Splendid Land: Paintings from Royal Udaipur before September 10th.

08/18/2023

Take a stroll through Udaipur with us…

These extraordinarily detailed paintings paired with audio artworks help to create an immersive experience unlike any other. A Splendid Land: Paintings From Royal Udaipur, on view until September 10th.

Celebrate World Photography Day with the CMA on Saturday, August 19, 2023, from 11am-3pm! Attendees may enter a drawing ...
08/17/2023

Celebrate World Photography Day with the CMA on Saturday, August 19, 2023, from 11am-3pm! Attendees may enter a drawing to have their portrait taken by artist Greg Martin using the historic collodion process, a technique used in the 1850s-1880s. Additionally, guests can explore and learn about the diversity of photography with stations from our conservation, library, and education art collection teams.

Hello, my name is Zoe Nguyen, and I am a pre-program intern in object and paper conservation at CMA. In the paper conser...
08/16/2023

Hello, my name is Zoe Nguyen, and I am a pre-program intern in object and paper conservation at CMA. In the paper conservation lab, I am learning how to examine photographs and identify various photographic processes.

The photograph I am sharing here was made in order to produce a group portrait of a number of women who, for some reason, could not all be together in person. We do not know the identity of the photographer. 

This composite black and white photograph is made up of individual headshots, possibly from a school yearbook or social club register, that were cut out, arranged, and rephotographed to produce a “group photo.” Information that came with the photograph indicated that it was taken around 1910 using a gelatin silver process (1885-present).

The date provided matches the timeframe when these particular hairstyles were popular, around the Edwardian period (1910s). The photograph is mounted to a rigid board of a type common for the albumen process (1885-1890). To determine whether the print is albumen or gelatin silver, I viewed the photograph under a stereomicroscope at various magnifications and lighting angles. I compared the visual characteristics of the photograph to known examples of albumen and gelatin silver photographs and consulted reputable print and online photographic identification resources. The visual characteristics of this photograph include a continuous fine image tone, very limited visible paper fibers, and the presence of a thin baryta layer (a layer of barium sulphate applied to photographic paper before it is coated with a gelatin silver emulsion).

Together, these eliminate albumen as the photographic process and suggests that this is a gelatin silver print. The hairstyles of the women and visual characteristics of the print suggest that the date and photographic process provided are correct.  

08/13/2023
Worldwide fascination with ancient Egyptian culture in the 19th and early 20th centuries spawned archeological expeditio...
08/10/2023

Worldwide fascination with ancient Egyptian culture in the 19th and early 20th centuries spawned archeological expeditions that sent massive amounts of Egyptian art to western museums, CMA included. A 1914 gift from the Huntington Trust was supplemented by purchases made by our field agent, Howard Carter. Following his later discovery of King Tutankhamen’s tomb scholars raced to produce books and articles documenting this extraordinary find. Egyptian motifs continue to serve as inspiration for artists. Enjoy Egyptomania: Fashion’s Conflicted Obsession in gallery 234. 🐪

1 - Howard Carter letter to the Cleveland Museum of Art, c. 1917. Museum Archives

2 - Children drawing in the Egyptian gallery about 1920. Museum Archives

3 - Thebes The Glory of the Great Past, 1926. Ingalls Library

08/10/2023

The perfect way to spend a day…

in our totally unbiased opinion, of course.

Hi, my name is Kyle Norris, and I am a rising 2nd year painting student at the Institute of Fine Arts Conservation Cente...
08/09/2023

Hi, my name is Kyle Norris, and I am a rising 2nd year painting student at the Institute of Fine Arts Conservation Center at the New York University. In the CMA painting studio this summer I am undertaking two unique projects.

Painted in 1932, Flying Ponies (Euclid Beach Park) by Carl Gaertner is an oil- on- canvas depiction of a carousel that stood at a now-defunct amusement park right here in Cleveland. The painting has had an extensive and thoughtful treatment history, and part of my internship is to continue ensuring the painting can look its best for display. My task this summer is retouching areas of loss throughout the composition that have been damaged and abraded over time.

When it comes to conservation, analytical equipment can help a conservator better understand material histories on a microscopic level. As part of my condition assessment of this 16th century Italian oil- on- panel titled Madonna and Child with Saints by an anonymous Venetian artist, here I am setting up the XRF or X-ray fluorescence machine to perform a non-destructive analysis of the paint layers to determine the elemental composition of the materials within the composition. This can be utilized to understand what certain pigments are made of to help identify them. A thorough technical analysis will benefit future treatment decisions related to the care of this painting.

Tomorrow night’s MIX celebrates Louis Armstrong and New Orleans jazz. Art and jazz mix like a smooth cocktail. Enjoy jaz...
08/03/2023

Tomorrow night’s MIX celebrates Louis Armstrong and New Orleans jazz. Art and jazz mix like a smooth cocktail.

Enjoy jazz related art in the galleries and learn more about the connection between art and jazz in the Ingalls Library. 🎷

I’m Hannah Dorris, an undergraduate studying Art History and Chemistry at Case Western Reserve University and the CMA’s ...
08/02/2023

I’m Hannah Dorris, an undergraduate studying Art History and Chemistry at Case Western Reserve University and the CMA’s SOTC/Warshawsky Fellow in the textile conservation lab this summer. One of my projects was mounting a textile, Samite fragment with hunters (https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1974.98), for display in the Islamic gallery next spring. I used a type of mount commonly used by textile conservators to display flat textiles that consists of a solid support board, two layers of batting, a display fabric, and plexiglass. 

The Samite fragment with hunters was made in Sogdiana (present Uzbekistan and Tajikistan) between the 8th and 9th centuries. It is a woven silk made with techniques native to the region, but the design of its hunting scene was influenced by Chinese, Byzantine, and earlier Central Asian works of art.  

1. This is me working on the mount, I am securing the plexiglass to the solid support board. Holes were pre-drilled through the plexiglass and solid support board 

2. This is the finished mount; the next step is to have a frame made for it. Then it will be ready for the galleries! 

3. This is how I pre-drilled the holes; the blue tape holds the plexiglass to the solid support board to keep the two layers aligned. 

4. The outline of the textile was traced on to a material called mylar, this was used as a stencil to cut shape of the textile out of top layer of batting, this gives the textile a place to rest in the mount. 

5. A frame like this one will be made for this mounted textile. The frame will be painted to match the gallery walls. 
Be sure to look for it in the Islamic gallery starting mid-May 2024!

The CMA was paid a very special visit by Princess Padmaja Kumari Mewar of Udaipur, here to visit our most recent exhibit...
07/31/2023

The CMA was paid a very special visit by Princess Padmaja Kumari Mewar of Udaipur, here to visit our most recent exhibition, A Splendid Land: Paintings from Royal Udaipur.
 
In collaboration with Princess Padmaja, many of the paintings in this exhibition are on public view for the first time straight from the City Palace Museum in Udaipur. Check out this incredible exhibition, on view until September 10th.

Today we celebrate and honor the 100th birthday of architect, visionary, and Cleveland icon, Robert P. Madison. During h...
07/28/2023

Today we celebrate and honor the 100th birthday of architect, visionary, and Cleveland icon, Robert P. Madison.

During his 60+ years as an architect, Mr. Madison's accomplishments are many and distinguished. He was the first African-American to earn an architectural degree in the State of Ohio, and has completed many projects across the globe and in our Cleveland community, including the United States Embassy in Dakar, Senegal and the Cleveland Browns Stadium.

In 2013, the Madison family endowed The Robert P. Madison Family in Memory of Leatrice B. Madison Endowment Fund to support an annual public lectureship on African and African-American Art. This endowment consistently emphasizes the importance of the global arts and creates important dialogue around African and African-American art.

Mr. Madison's support has contributed to making the museum a vibrant, dynamic place in the community that provides a sense of openness and belonging. Thank you, Mr. Madison!

Jeanne Madison

Happy  ! 📚 Since '15, Ingalls Library has hosted an intern through a partnership with Smith College & the Summer on the ...
07/27/2023

Happy ! 📚

Since '15, Ingalls Library has hosted an intern through a partnership with Smith College & the Summer on the Cuyahoga (SOTC) program. This year’s intern, Maddie Rehrman, digitized rare folios and the travel journals of Cleveland-area art historian Franny Taft.

It's Walk on Stilts Day (yes, a real holiday!) ✨Here are some Parade the Circle favorites to celebrate these skilled ind...
07/27/2023

It's Walk on Stilts Day (yes, a real holiday!) ✨

Here are some Parade the Circle favorites to celebrate these skilled individuals that bring nothing but fun to University Circle Inc. each year.

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Celebrate long summer days and hot summer nights at the museum’s 13th annual Solstice—a night when art and music come together. Solstice will take place on June 24th from 7 p.m. - 12 a.m. This year, Solstice features live music sets from OKAN (Cuba/Toronto), the Bazurto All Stars (Colombia), La Sra. Tomasa (Spain), and GoldFish (South Africa). Sanctuary, one of Cleveland's favorite dance parties, showcases DJ Red-I, DJ Nuera, DJ Selecta, and DJ Mark Who? Projections, light displays, and decorations will electrify the museum. The galleries will stay open late into the night, and some will host flash talks presented by museum staff.

Tickets are $150. The all-inclusive ticket covers admission, as well as unlimited food and beverages, including beer, wine, and canned cocktails. This event is for guests 21 or older.

Members receive exclusive access to presale tickets beginning on Monday, May 15, at 10:00 a.m. For more information, visit here: https://www.clevelandart.org/events/special-events/solstice-2023
IT’S THE END OF A DYNASTY.

Time is running out! Don’t miss your chance to see this amazing exhibition and immerse in the opulence of the Tudor dynasty.

The Tudors: Art and Majesty in Renaissance England ENDS May 14.

Get tickets today! 👇
https://bit.ly/3Hyl0JX
Tudors is SOLD OUT today, 5/7! Don't forget to reserve your tickets for the last week this exhibition is on view!

Purchase them now! https://bit.ly/3Hyl0JX
The Cleveland Museum of Art currently shows two early masterpieces of the German sculptor Tilman Riemenschneider
(c. 1460 – 1531).

Saint Jerome in the CMA’s collection and the Virgin Mary from the Louvre in Paris are both sculpted in the unusual material alabaster.

The blog introduces to the characteristics of this precious material which was traded all over Europe, and asks how sculptor worked with it.

Read the full blog here: https://bit.ly/3ntG8KD
Tomorrow, Saturday May 6th, tickets are SOLD OUT for The Tudors: Art and Majesty in Renaissance England. There is limited availability on Sunday, May 7th.

Tickets are still available for purchase at the link below through May 14th! Don’t miss your chance to see this amazing exhibition and immerse in the opulence of the Tudor dynasty.

Get tickets today! 👇
https://bit.ly/3Hyl0JX
Tomorrow, Saturday May 6th, tickets are SOLD OUT for The Tudors: Art and Majesty in Renaissance England. There is limited availability on Sunday, May 7th.

Tickets are still available for purchase at the link below through May 14th! Don’t miss your chance to see this amazing exhibition and immerse in the opulence of the Tudor dynasty.

Get tickets today! 👇
https://bit.ly/3Hyl0JX
The Tudors were deeply interested in ancient Greek and Roman art - combining this classical tradition with motifs from the natural world.

They drew on flower symbolism and the untamed wilderness, experienced through the ritual of the hunt.

You’ll notice this nature-focused design in the table carpet in this room.

It was commissioned by the heiress Constance Lewknor, from Flemish weavers, has red and white roses (representing the heritage of her finally united ancestors), and honeysuckle and lilies, the kinds of flowers one might find in an English garden.

Nearby you’ll see an important portrait of Elizabeth I, the Sieve portrait, lent by a museum in Siena, Italy. The sieve is a reference to the legend of a roman vestal virgin who demonstrated her purity by transporting water in a sieve.

The portrait, painted around 1583 when Elizabeth was 50 years old, represents a move away from portraits depicting the queen as a marriageable beauty, towards those emphasizing her virginity, and by extension total independence of self and empire.

The Tudors: Art and Majesty in Renaissance England is on view now through May 14.

Artist Mishka Henner’s Astronomical is a scale model of our solar system in twelve volumes.

It begins with the sun on page one and ends with Pluto on page 6000.

The width of each page represents one million kilometers.

A limited print run, Astronomical has been exhibited at museums and galleries around the world and is part of the Ingalls Library rare collection.

1) Astronomical: our solar system in twelve volumes

2) Volume One: 0-500 Kilometers

3) The Sun

4) The center of the solar system
IT’S THE END OF A DYNASTY.

Time is running out! Don’t miss your chance to see this amazing exhibition and immerse in the opulence of the Tudor dynasty.

The Tudors: Art and Majesty in Renaissance England ENDS May 14.

Get tickets today!👇
https://bit.ly/3Hyl0JX
Happy World Press Freedom Day!

Printmaker Honoré Daumier was famous in 19th-century Paris for pushing the boundaries of what was publishable in his political caricature and journal illustrations.

He referred to freedom of the press in this 1834 lithograph, titled Don’t Meddle With It!, showing a printer standing heroically before a group of dysfunctional government officials.
Hello! My name is Sydnee Harris, and I’m taking over the post this week!

I’m a senior at Cleveland State University majoring in Gender Studies.

I’m currently doing a student micro-internship with the CMA Objects Lab, focusing on rehousing two 17th century glass objects: a flute glass and a glass goblet, both of which are decorated in beautifully intricate wheel-engraved designs and scenes.

They both have signs of “glass disease”: alkali crystals near the bottom of both stems, and early crizzling on the vessels.
They’re both incredibly brittle, too, so you have to be careful holding them.
I’m making a storage box for them to control humidity and slow down their deterioration.

As I am in the final stages of rehousing them right now—and as my internship wraps up—I’ve decided to take some time to reflect on my time at the museum. And… I had a ton of fun! I learned a lot about glass disease and how museums work to ensure top quality experiences for all patrons – and artworks!

Plus, I did a lot of research and behind the scenes work, too.

So, if you’re considering applying for an internship here, I say do it! You seriously won’t regret it.
cma.org/art/1951.545
cma.org/art/1950.389

Richard Avedon, one of America’s most celebrated portrait and fashion photographers, posted a notice in a beekeepers’ magazine soliciting snapshots of people willing to be photographed with bees on their body.

He selected Ronald Fischer and together they created this startling portrait, Ronald Fischer, beekeeper, Davis, California, May 9, 1981.

It will be on view in the museum’s Contemporary Galleries from May 2 through October 15 as part of a national celebration of the centennial of the artist’s birth.



cma.org/art/2005.143
Here’s a photo of a man laughing for World Laughter Day.

Why is he laughing, you wonder?

The man was participating in the first scientific, systematic exploration of the physiology of human facial expression, carried out in the 1850s by French neurologist Guillaume-Benjamin-Amand Duchenne de Boulogne (best known for his research on Duchenne muscular dystrophy).

In subsequent photographs, Duchenne applied an electrode with very low current to the man’s face to artificially contract the muscles that convey that same emotion. Through photographs of these experiments, Duchenne hoped to teach artists how to portray those emotions.

The Mechanism of Human Physiognomy:
Figure 32: Natural laughter by the voluntary contraction of the two large zygomatics and the lower palpebral orbicularis, c. 1856, printed 1862. Guillaume-Benjamin-Amand Duchenne (de Boulogne) (French, 1806–1875), Adrien Tournachon (French, 1825–1903)
Albumen print from glass plate negative; image: 15.1 x 11 cm (5 15/16 x 4 5/16 in.); paper: 22.7 x 17 cm (8 15/16 x 6 11/16 in.); mounted: 41 x 27.6 cm (16 1/8 x 10 7/8 in.)
The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Trust 2018.9
In Imperial Rome, female hairstyles could be both elaborate and highly identifiable.

This portrait bust likely depicts the empress Claudia Octavia (r. AD 54-62), unfortunate first wife of the notorious emperor Nero.

Her complex coiffure includes four elements: parted waves (top), tight curls (sides), hanging ringlets (shoulders, back), and a braided knot (back).

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