05/12/2026
17-year-old Thomas Galwey, a lieutenant in Company B of the 8th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, was shook awake in the pre-dawn hours of May 12, 1864, near Spotsylvania Court House, Virginia. Galwey was already witness to some of the bloodiest and deadliest battles of the Civil War, from the Sunken Road of Antietam to Marye's Heights at Fredericksburg to the repulse of Pickett's Charge at Gettysburg. More recently he had survived a massive bloodletting just a week or so previous at the Battle of the Wilderness. Now he lined up with several thousand men of the Second Army Corps, awaiting orders to advance.
The attack planned was a larger version of one attempted on the stout rebel defenses just a few day previous on May 10. At that time, 1,200 Federal troops had broken into rebel lines in a sudden pre-dawn attack, only falling back when supports failed to show up. Now the Federal high command would repeat the surprise, only with 15,000 men instead of 1,200. At first the attack was a stunning success, overrunning large portions of the rebel lines and capturing nearly 3,000 prisoners. Galwey and the 8th Ohio were in the reserve lines and only came up the rebel works after the initial charge. However, the battle was far from over.
Soon rebel troops counterattacked and in a pouring rain the two sides settled down to a combat of a ferocity seldom seen during the Civil War. For the next 12 hours the two sides brutally attacked each other, with the lines at times being only separated by a wall or fence. As Galwey later wrote "Nothing can describe the confusion, the savage blood- curdling yells, the murderous faces, the awful curses, super- human hardihood, and the grisly horror of the melee! Of all the battles I took part in, Bloody Angle at Spotsylvania exceeded all the rest in stubbornness, ferocity, and in carnage." The rebels eventually retreated, but only to a new line that still blocked the Federal advance. By the following morning nearly 17,000 casualties had fallen around an area now called "The Bloody Angle".