University and Jepson Herbaria - UC Berkeley

University and Jepson Herbaria - UC Berkeley Official page for the University Herbarium and Jepson Herbarium, located at University of California Berkeley.

A special issue of Systematic Botany on spatial phylogenetics has just appeared, jointly edited by Brent Mishler (Curato...
05/27/2026

A special issue of Systematic Botany on spatial phylogenetics has just appeared, jointly edited by Brent Mishler (Curator of Bryophytes and former Director of UC/JEPS) and Israel Borokini (Assistant Professor at Montana State University and former postdoctoral fellow at UC/JEPS)!

This relatively new field, pioneered at UC Berkeley and in Australia, adds evolutionary depth to biodiversity assessments by placing the tree of life on a map. This approach can answer burning academic questions such as the causes for geographic concentrations of diversity and endemism, as well as providing important practical information to guide conservation action. The issue is accessible here: https://bioone.org/journals/systematic-botany/volume-51/issue-1

It’s Moss Monday! This series uses “moss” as a broad term to cover all three bryophyte groups, including liverworts and ...
05/18/2026

It’s Moss Monday! This series uses “moss” as a broad term to cover all three bryophyte groups, including liverworts and hornworts in addition to mosses.

This month we’ll feature the small soil moss Gemmabryum dichotomum, commonly found in California, but also living around the temperate zones of both the northern and southern hemispheres.
https://bryophyteportal.org/portal/taxa/index.php?taxauthid=1&taxon=158251&clid=20

This moss is interesting in itself, because it possesses small “brood branches” in the axils of the leaves. These are asexual propagules that are homologous to regular side branches but which remain in juvenile form -- a process of evolutionarily arrested development technically called ”neoteny”. This is a common evolutionary mechanism across mosses and liverworts that is often associated with asexual reproduction.

I also chose this moss to illustrate challenges in moss taxonomy. Some challenges are due to real issues in trying to fit discrete taxonomic categories onto continuously diverging lineages -- in this case there is regional variation around the world within this “species” that may require describing at a finer scale in the future. Other challenges are self-inflicted because of the ranked nomenclatorial system we have chosen to use. The “species” rank is an arbitrary choice among many possible levels (see my recent paper on the topic: https://doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637-260005).

The genus rank is arbitrary also, and since the binomial system combines the genus and species names, frustrating binomial changes happen even when the circumscription of a species is unchanged. In this case, the moss used to be called Bryum dichotomum (also Bryum bicolor, among many other synonyms) but when the genus was split it became Gemmabryum dichotomum. More on such taxonomic issues caused by the prevailing nomenclatorial code with its burdensome ranks, and rankless alternatives, in future posts!

- Brent Mishler, Curator of Bryophytes, UC/JEPS

Welcome back to  ! In previous posts, I have introduced you to the variety of substrates that lichens can grow on. Remem...
05/16/2026

Welcome back to !

In previous posts, I have introduced you to the variety of substrates that lichens can grow on. Remember “cushicolous” lichens? Screens, both plastic and metal screens, can also serve as substrates for lichens! One frequent lichen found on screens, especially in the Bay Area, is Polycauliona polycarpa (previously Xanthoria polycarpa), the pin-cushion sunburst lichen.

Polycauliona polycarpa is characterized by a relatively small thallus, which is raised into a small mound or cushion, with relatively thick rounded lobes, and abundant orange apothecia. It can be distinguished from similar looking species of Xanthomendoza by its white lower surface lacking true rhizines, and ellipsoid conidia.

The pin-cushion sunburst lichen most frequently grows on twigs, sometimes bark, and sometimes screens and other human-made materials. It is common in coastal areas, as well as urban areas. Though small and frequently overlooked, these little pin-cushions are very charismatic, and can teach us a lot about the conditions they require to grow and thrive.

Pictures taken by Klara Scharnagl.

Happy  ! This month, we celebrate the description of a new species of Arthropteris from Samoa by UC Berkeley Research Bo...
05/15/2026

Happy ! This month, we celebrate the description of a new species of Arthropteris from Samoa by UC Berkeley Research Botanists and collaborators, based on study of collections in the University Herbarium at UC Berkeley.

The Jepson Videos are short instructional videos focused on the plants of California. Focused on commonly encountered fa...
05/13/2026

The Jepson Videos are short instructional videos focused on the plants of California. Focused on commonly encountered families and genera, the videos provide details on ecology and the characters used in identification. They are a great study aide for anyone learning about the California flora!

This month, join us for a dive into the genus Claytonia! In this video, we cover the range of forms found in the genus. From valley grassland to alpine peaks, learn about the various life strategies employed by the wonderful spring beauties.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aViVCJRfnLM

Last month, we highlighted the genus Clarkia. Keep your eyes out in the coming months for videos about mistletoes, poison oak, Chlorogalum, Cornus, Phacelia, Pinus lambertiana, Pectis and Silene. To be notified when new videos are released, subscribe to our YouTube channel ()!

In February, staff and researchers from UC/JEPS attended the California Native Plant Society (CNPS) conference in Rivers...
05/12/2026

In February, staff and researchers from UC/JEPS attended the California Native Plant Society (CNPS) conference in Riverside. During the conference, Staci Markos hosted a session titled "The evolving role of Herbaria in California botany" that celebrated the 75th anniversary of the Jepson Herbarium and discussed the ongoing role of herbarium specimens in vegetation mapping and conservation efforts. The recorded talks from this session can be watched here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8FvUitzEnhc

A writeup about Wes Knapp's talk can be read here:
https://saveplants.org/from-specimens-to-solutions-how-herbarium-data-is-powering-proactive-plant-conservation/

Thank you again to the California Native Plant Society for hosting an incredible conference!

Happy Seaweed Saturday! This month let’s explore the red algal genus Chondracanthus. The highest species diversity of Ch...
05/09/2026

Happy Seaweed Saturday! This month let’s explore the red algal genus Chondracanthus. The highest species diversity of Chondracanthus occurs in the northeastern Pacific Ocean; there are 9 species in California. The thalli are either flat blades with or without lateral bladelets or are branched fronds attached by discoid holdfasts to rock in the low to subtidal zones. Within a species, the thalli may exhibit incredible morphological variation depending on habitat and latitude. Some species have wart-like swellings called papillae on their blades, giving them a rough texture. Papillae are variable in shape and may either remain sterile or eventually produce reproductive cells.

Blades are composed of two types of tissue - a thin, compact surface layer of small, red-pigmented cells called the cortex and a wider inner layer of colorless, filamentous cells called the medulla.

The life history of Chondracanthus is triphasic, with two free-living macroscopic phases called the tetrasporophyte and gametophyte and one microscopic phase called the carposporophyte that is retained on the female gametophyte. The tetrasporophyte and gametophyte phases can be distinguished by the shape and contents of the papillae. Tetrasporophytes produce haploid spores that develop into either uni- or bisexual gametophytes. Gametophytes produce male or female gametes and when fertilized, female gametophytes host the small carposporophyte inside their papillae. Carposporophytes produce diploid carpospores that are released from the papillae and settle to grow into new tetrasporophytes.

Chondracanthus has multiple human uses. The bumpy blades C. exasperatus, commonly called "Turkish towel”, can be used as a natural skin exfoliator. Chondracanthus also produces carrageenan, a polysaccharide used as a thickener for food, cosmetics, and medicinal products. Chondracanthus chamissoi is a food source that has been harvested since pre-Hispanic times in Peru and Chile.

We mourn the passing of Dr. Peter H. Raven (1936-2026), a preeminent botanist and tireless leader in advancing scientifi...
05/06/2026

We mourn the passing of Dr. Peter H. Raven (1936-2026), a preeminent botanist and tireless leader in advancing scientific understanding and conservation of biodiversity worldwide. Peter was a 3rd generation undergraduate at UC Berkeley in the 1950s and gave back generously to the Berkeley herbaria throughout his long and phenomenally productive career, first as a Professor at Stanford and for four decades as Director of the Missouri Botanical Garden.

Peter’s ties to UC Berkeley ran deep, as he recounted in his 2021 autobiography (Driven by Nature, Missouri Bot. Gard. Press). He became fascinated by California’s native flora as a child, when he learned to identify plants using Jepson’s 1925 A Manual of the Flowering Plants of California and was mentored by J.T. Howell (California Academy of Sciences), who had been a graduate student of Jepson’s. As a teenager, he became interested in plant evolution in part through fieldtrips with G. Ledyard Stebbins, who had recently moved to Davis from Berkeley, where he had been an assistant professor. As an undergrad at Berkeley, Peter came under the influence of botanists Lincoln Constance and Herbert Mason, who encouraged and advanced his thinking about botany, before he went to UCLA to conduct Ph.D. work on the evening primrose family – a lifelong passion -- with Harlan Lewis.

Peter remained involved in California botany and UC Berkeley after leaving for Missouri Botanical Garden in 1971. He and Dan Axelrod, another Berkeley alumnus, published the monumental and still widely cited “Origin and relationships of the California flora” (Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot.) in 1978. As a leader of the Flora of North America project, Peter had a major role in California floristics and was a great friend of the UC Berkeley Herbaria and Jepson Flora Project. Peter’s passing is felt deeply here and we will always be grateful for his friendship, collaboration, and immensely positive impact on UC Berkeley, botany, and the world.

It’s Moss Monday! This series uses “moss” as a broad term to cover all three bryophyte groups, including liverworts and ...
04/27/2026

It’s Moss Monday! This series uses “moss” as a broad term to cover all three bryophyte groups, including liverworts and hornworts in addition to mosses.

This month we’ll feature the attractive moss Homalothecium nuttallii, which is easily recognizable growing on trees (and sometimes rocks) across California. Its branches are “pinnate” (i.e., looking like a feather) and golden in color when dry, spreading out over bark in a characteristic fashion. Like other members of Homalothecium, the leaves have longitudinal folds, called “plications,” running down the leaves in a manner reminiscent of the folds in window curtains.

Homalothecium is a pleurocarpous moss, meaning that its sporophytes come off of short side branches from the main shoot. The pleurocarpous mosses (the topic of a wonderful Jepson Workshop last weekend!) are a monophyletic group (i.e., appear to have had a single common ancestor) that is highly diverse -- over 4,000 named species exhibiting a tremendous amount of morphological variation.

Mosses are thought by many to be an ancient, static group. The former is true, but the latter is not. There are many examples of recent evolutionary divergence. The pleurocarps are a great example of an adaptive radiation -- they originated in the early Jurassic but the explosive radiation of modern lineages happened in mid-Cretaceous. This radiation is thought to have occurred in conjunction with the diversification of modern angiosperm forest trees, which provided an array of new epiphytic habitats as well as shade for rock and soil niches.

- Brent Mishler, Curator of Bryophytes, UC/JEPS

In early April, the Jepson workshop program took a trip to the western Sonoran Desert! 🌄The western Sonoran Desert meets...
04/22/2026

In early April, the Jepson workshop program took a trip to the western Sonoran Desert! 🌄

The western Sonoran Desert meets the eastern margins of the San Bernardino, San Jacinto, and Santa Rosa Mountains between Mission Creek in the north and the Anza Borrego Desert in the south. This unique confluence results in an equally unique flora - one that workshop participants were very excited to explore!

This workshop was based at the Mission Creek Preserve. We hiked and botanized at the Preserve itself, as well as at nearby UC Riverside Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Research Center and other local desert locations. A range of latitude and elevation gave us the flexibility to visit locations anywhere from the desert floor to more than 4,000 feet, maximizing the floristic and habitat diversity.

Please enjoy photos of some of the beautiful plants we saw during this trip, taken by workshop participants and coordinator!

Address

1001 Valley Life Sciences Bldg
Berkeley, CA
94720

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Tuesday 8am - 5pm
Wednesday 8am - 5pm
Thursday 8am - 5pm
Friday 8am - 5pm

Telephone

(510) 643-7008

Website

https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/

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