24/09/2026
Not many people would know about this grave site in Pukerua Bay.
🇳🇿 37771 PRIVATE JOE BIRD COTTON (MANU KATENE)
Māori Pioneer Battalion – First World War
Pukerua Bay
There are graves scattered around New Zealand that tell far more than their headstones reveal.
One of them is the lonely war grave of Private Joe Bird Cotton, also known as Manu Katene, at Pukerua Bay.
Born at Motueka on 17 August 1898, Manu was the son of Wiremu (William) and Hareti (Harriette) Katene. He came from a large whānau of thirteen children, which was separated following the death of his mother.
When he enlisted in 1916, he did so under the name Joe Bird Cotton. His military papers gave his birth year as 1896, making him appear 20. In reality, he had only just turned 18.
Before the war he was working as a fitter on John Wall's farm at Porirua.
On 16 October 1916 he entered camp as 37771 Private Joe Bird Cotton, initially with E Company, 22nd Reinforcements. After several transfers he joined the Māori Reinforcements.
On 26 April 1917, he sailed from New Zealand.
After reaching England and training at Sling Camp, he crossed to France in September 1917 and joined the New Zealand Pioneer Battalion, commonly known as the Māori Pioneer Battalion.
The Pioneers performed some of the hardest and most dangerous work on the Western Front — constructing and repairing roads, trenches, communication routes and other infrastructure, frequently under enemy artillery fire.
For Manu, the war took a terrible toll.
He was hospitalised in France in December 1917. He was admitted again in March 1918 and spent around two months away from his battalion before returning in June.
Then, in August 1918, he was hospitalised once more.
This time he did not return to the front.
He was evacuated to England and eventually treated at the New Zealand General Hospital at Hornchurch.
Buried amongst the medical entries in his service record are two haunting words:
“War psychosis.”
Today we would recognise that soldiers could suffer profound psychological trauma from prolonged exposure to combat. During the First World War it was commonly described under terms including “shell shock.”
Manu had survived the shells and battlefields of France, but like thousands of others, the war had left wounds that could not necessarily be seen.
He remained in England during his recovery before embarking for New Zealand aboard the SS Westmoreland on 22 February 1919.
He came home.
Today, his grave lies at Pukerua Bay.
It is one of those small, easily overlooked places of remembrance that reminds us why we search for these men and tell their stories.
Behind 37771 Private Joe Bird Cotton was Manu Katene — a young Māori man from a large whānau who went overseas, served with the Pioneer Battalion on the Western Front, became seriously unwell through his wartime service, and eventually returned to the country he had left as a teenager.
More than a century later, his service deserves to be remembered.
37771 Private Joe Bird Cotton (Manu Katene)
New Zealand Pioneer Battalion
Lest We Forget.
🇳🇿🌿
New Zealand Remembrance Army – remembering the people behind the names.