20/01/2026
Imagine swimming horses across the Hunter River from Newcastle to Stockton. That's exactly what happened 200 years ago this month. It's a part of an extraordinary journey to establish a settlement at Port Stephens.
This marked the beginning of Australiaโs first major wave of private agricultural investment and the foundations of the nationโs first planned company town.
That company was the Australian Agricultural Company (AA Co.) which was established by British Parliament. It started with a massive land grant of a million-acres around Port Stephens, established for fine wool & crops, then expanded into Newcastle coal mining.
โต๐๐๐ง๐ฎ๐๐ซ๐ฒ ๐๐๐๐
Under considerable pressure to select and establish a suitable site in New South Wales, Chief Agent Robert Dawson sailed from Sydney in January 1826 to inspect Port Stephens, the traditional home of the Worimi people.
โ๐๐ ๐จ๐ฌ๐๐ข ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ค๐ง๐จ๐๐จ ๐๐๐ง๐ค๐จ๐จ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐ข๐ค๐ช๐ฉ๐ ๐ค๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐ซ๐๐ง ๐๐ช๐ฃ๐ฉ๐๐งโ
Dawson and his group crossed from Newcastle to Stockton swimming their horses across the Hunter River before walking some 30km along Stockton Bight to reach Soldiers Point. (Later in his journey Dawson describes how difficult it was to swim the horses assisted by a boat.) ๐๐ฉ๐ฆ ๐ฏ๐ฆ๐น๐ต ๐ฅ๐ถ๐ต๐บ ๐ธ๐ข๐ด ๐ต๐ฐ ๐ค๐ฐ๐ฏ๐ท๐ฆ๐บ ๐ฐ๐ถ๐ณ ๐ฉ๐ฐ๐ณ๐ด๐ฆ๐ด ๐ข๐ค๐ณ๐ฐ๐ด๐ด ๐ต๐ฉ๐ฆ ๐ฉ๐ข๐ณ๐ฃ๐ฐ๐ถ๐ณโฆ๐ธ๐ฉ๐ช๐ค๐ฉ ๐ธ๐ฆ ๐ฅ๐ช๐ฅ ๐ธ๐ช๐ต๐ฉ ๐ค๐ฐ๐ฏ๐ด๐ช๐ฅ๐ฆ๐ณ๐ข๐ฃ๐ญ๐ฆ ๐ฅ๐ช๐ง๐ง๐ช๐ค๐ถ๐ญ๐ต๐บ, ๐ฃ๐บ ๐ต๐ฉ๐ฆ ๐ข๐ด๐ด๐ช๐ด๐ต๐ข๐ฏ๐ค๐ฆ ๐ฐ๐ง ๐ต๐ฉ๐ฆ ๐จ๐ฐ๐ท๐ฆ๐ณ๐ฏ๐ฎ๐ฆ๐ฏ๐ต ๐ญ๐ข๐ถ๐ฏ๐ค๐ฉ.โ
๐๐๐๐ก๐ฅ๐๐ & ๐๐๐ซ๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐จ๐ง, ๐๐จ๐ซ๐ญ ๐๐ญ๐๐ฉ๐ก๐๐ง๐ฌ.
Dawson chose land on the northern shores of Port Stephens, first known by its Indigenous name, Carrabean/Caribean, and later renamed Carrington. With land for growing corn, grazing hills for sheep, fresh water, and lime for building, it sat on a natural harbour suitable for shipping access.
By 1827 Tahlee House was built as the Companyโs headquarters, residence for commissioners, along with stores, stockyards, and wool sheds. Rebuilt after a fire in 1860 the State Heritage Registered house still stands today.
๐๐ก๐๐ญ ๐ฐ๐๐ฌ ๐ฅ๐ข๐๐ ๐ฅ๐ข๐ค๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐๐๐๐?
Letters from Henry Thomas Ebsworth (AA Co. Assistant Manager) provide observations and interactions with the Worimi people whom he held in high regard. They are a fascinating read. You can find them here: https://hunterlivinghistories.com/2015/06/15/port-stephens-in-1826/
Although some of these early interactions between Dawson and Worimi peoples were peaceful it is also a small part of a larger history that saw the dispossession of Worimi people. We respectfully honour First Nations people as we look back and write about this piece of history that occurred 200 years ago this month.
๐ธ Images:
Watercolor: Port Stephens, looking East, Tahlee in foreground, 1826 by AUGUSTUS EARLE, from the State Library NSW.
Map: H. T. EBSWORTH, Hand coloured map. State Library NSW.