30/08/2026
Have you ever wondered why death masks were made from hanged prisoners? 💀
Could the shape of your skull reveal your character, or even whether you were prone to criminal behaviour?
In the 1800s, some people believed it could.
Known as phrenology, this now-discredited theory claimed that the shape and contours of the skull could reveal a person’s character and personality. The skull was divided into different sections, each supposedly linked to a particular trait, from intelligence and self-esteem to “destructiveness”.
Death masks and plaster casts of executed prisoners were used in attempts to study these supposed characteristics. One of the most famous examples is Ned Kelly, whose death mask was made shortly after his ex*****on at Melbourne Gaol in 1880.
But what did people actually believe they could learn from the shape of a prisoner’s head?
Hear from Historian and Curator Lizzie Anya-Petrivna as she explores the fascinating, and thoroughly debunked, world of death masks and phrenology at Old Melbourne Gaol.
Want to uncover more stories of crime, punishment and criminology? Explore the gaol on an audio tour included with your ticket, or join one of our guided tours and experiences, including Hangman’s Night Tour, Ghosts! What Ghosts?, Ned Kelly’s Last Stand and Life in the City Watch House.
School groups can also step inside the gaol and discover its history through our school excursions and education programs.
📍 Old Melbourne Gaol, 377 Russell St, Melbourne
🗓️ Open daily, 10am–5pm
🆓 Free general admission for National Trust members
🎟️ Tickets via the link in bio, including our special $30 general admission offer for under 30s daily.
Share this with someone fascinated by true crime, history, Ned Kelly or Melbourne’s darker past.