22/05/2026
While U.S. Congress first authorized black military service in the summer of 1862, it was not until May 22, 1863, that the War Department issued General Order 143 creating the Bureau of Colored Troops to organize the U.S. Colored Troop (U.S.C.T.) units during the Civil War. Units organized in Virginia include the First Colored Cavalry, Second Colored Cavalry, and the 2nd U.S. Colored Artillery, Battery B, mustered at Camp Hamilton and Fort Monroe. The 36th and 37th U.S.C.T. activated in Portsmouth and Norfolk (respectively). By the end of the war, over 202,000 African American soldiers served in 175 regiments of the U.S.C.T. and fought in 400 engagements.
Attend the Emerging History of the American Contrabands Symposium tomorrow starting at 9:00 am on Contraband Historical Society YouTube channel https://www.youtube.com/-VA/streams to learn more about self-emancipators and the U.S. Colored Troops at Fort Monroe.