Our Story
The Masonic Library and Museum of Indiana, Inc. (MLMI) is the official preservation and research institution for the Grand Lodge Free & Accepted Masons of Indiana. Located on the 5th floor of the Indianapolis Masonic Temple, we are presently transitioning from a primarily collection-based viewing for our own members into enhancing the visitor experience for those with and without a Masonic background. Our ultimate mission is to illuminate the wider story of Freemasonry, with a special concentration on its profound, historic influence for the people and communities of the state of Indiana.
To make an appointment to visit the Library & Museum, contact Director Michael Brumback directly at (765)-744-0424, or Associate Director Christopher Hodapp at 317-443-9354.
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Had a great visit with these brothers and their beautiful lodge.
INDIANA MASONIC MARKERS No. 3
Vincennes Masonic Temple
Fifth and Broadway (relocated)
Unveiled October 31, 1964
“Cradle of Freemasonry in Indiana
At historic Vincennes the first Lodge of Freemasons in the present State of Indiana was established, 1809, by the Grand lodge of Kentucky. Since 1818 it has worked under Indiana charter as Vincennes Lodge No. 1”
Albert Mackey and the many subsequent writers who copied and pasted his 1870’s Masonic Encyclopedia entry about our state claim that Masonry was introduced into Indiana as early as 1795, by military lodges. From there it jumps to Kentucky’s chartering of Vincennes Lodge No. 15, convened in 1809, and the rest, as they say, is history. But there’s no discussion of why Vincennes Lodge was chartered to begin with, at that moment in time, and by those men.
'Guard well the South Gate.' Indiana did, and the best of Freemasonry came to the territory through it. The Grand Lodge of Kentucky, after it was formed in 1800, became a little factory, chartering lodges not only in its own state, but eighteen lodges outside it, located in what would eventually become a total of nine other states.
In the summer of 1807 while Vincennes was capital of Indiana Territory, a handful of Freemasons residing in that little town petitioned the Grand Lodge of Kentucky through Abraham Lodge No. 8, Louisville, for a dispensation to organize a Lodge.
In the second legislative Assembly, in 1808, one unusual man, known for his flamboyant speech, took up a place at the forefront of the opposition to slavery in Indiana. Like Governor Harrison, he was born in Virginia, but in the Piedmont, in Culpepper County, a man with an improbable first name—General Washington Johnston. Many secondary sources are muddy regarding this man who would bring Freemasonry across the Ohio River to Vincennes, and this incredibly important moment in Indiana history.
Johnston was already a Freemason, member of Abraham Lodge No. 8 at Louisville, through which he petitioned Grand Lodge of Kentucky for a dispensation for the lodge in Vincennes. In fact, his dispensation fell into limbo for two years, while he mounted his campaign for Congress and prepared a report on slavery in the Indiana Territory. He’s often credited as the initial force behind Indiana Masonry, regardless of never being made Grand Master of the state. His Masonry was important to him; later he would say he stood for three things, “Free Soil, Freemasonry and Free Education.” Large pieces of his biography are a blank, but we know some things.
Johnston was the first man to be made an attorney in Indiana, and served in many public positions over the years. But frontier lawyers weren’t wealthy, and he had other jobs, including postmaster and auctioneer. He was self-educated, and was fluent in French, a valuable skill in Vincennes. He knew his history as well as his classics, and was a charter member of the Vincennes library that was founded in 1806. People who met him were often openly disappointed that he wasn’t actually a general, but he took his turn as a citizen soldier, fighting as a volunteer in the Light Dragoons at Tippecanoe, under the command of Jo Daveiss. He married, was widowed, and married again, fathering eight children. Interestingly, the brother-in-law with whom he studied law in Louisville was a cousin of Governor Harrison’s. Politics doesn’t seem to have spoiled a personal friendship with the Governor. In 1809 he signed the petition asking the President to reappoint Harrison as territorial governor. He also didn’t have a reputation as an abolitionist.
Petitions were pouring into the capital of Vincennes, for and against slavery, and the Territory had to take a position. A three-man committee was appointed to consider the issue. As its head, Johnston put together a statement document covering the history of slavery in America, and the potential ruin in its extension to the West. He had wanted to run for territorial delegate to the Congress, but put it aside in order to do his report. It’s a masterful statement of the principles of abolition. When he read the report in October of 1808, he brought the legislature to a standstill, pronouncing that any slave must be free the moment he set foot in the Indiana Territory. Anything else constituted a “retrograde step into barbarism.” It was a shot heard all the way to the new federal capital of Washington, D.C. And in a remarkable instance of the moral compass of one man pulling the thousands with him, opinions in Indiana on the issue began to shift.
On the Masonic front, difficulties in transportation and communication were encountered causing numerous delays, so that the new Vincennes Lodge No. 15 chartered by Kentucky was not able to work until March 13, 1809. Colonel John Gibson, first Secretary of the Indiana Territory, a Pennsylvania Fellow Craft, was the first man to be raised a Master Mason—interestingly on March 14th, just one day after the lodge received its charter. William Prince and Parmenas Beckes were the first to petition for and receive all three degrees.
Early in 1809 the election came that Johnston walked away from, the vote for a territorial delegate to the Congress. The Vincennes newspaper, the Western Sun, and General Washington Johnston helped make it a referendum on slavery. There were three candidates - the two majors were Thomas Randolph, the Governor’s handpicked choice, and Jonathan Jennings, new to the territory, a young lawyer out of Pennsylvania. The third candidate was John Johnson, a Knox County representative who split the difference, being pro-slavery and anti-Harrison. Of course, he still drew votes from Randolph. But in the end it was Jennings, the anti-slavery candidate, who won. Over the course of the next decade, slavery would lose each time the issue came to any sort of a vote. Jennings would eventually become the first elected governor of the state of Indiana, in 1816.
In Johnston’s fight, the emerging state was shaped. The small farmers of Indiana certainly could have used a slave, even one, since they were chronically short of labor. This was the bone thrown to them by advocates of slavery, one they generally ignored. A sharp-eyed early traveler to Corydon remarked on the neat and orderly small farms, adding the observation that the people of Corydon didn’t wish for larger holdings, any more than a tired housewife without servants wishes for a house with twice as many rooms.
Pointing out two facts in conjunction, that Johnston was a Mason and a force to end slavery, seems like a reach for low-hanging fruit, playing into Masonic myth. It might be better to point out that, after an incredibly contentious election, Thomas Randolph, General Washington Johnston, Jonathan Jennings and John Johnson were all Freemasons, and quite probably at some point sat together in lodge.
Men like General Washington Johnston would have felt the lack of a Masonic lodge, deeply, for far more reason than entertainment. In the early years in Indiana, with so few buildings, the lodge generally met in the upper rooms of an inn or tavern. Taverns were almost public buildings, usually a post office and inn and stage stop. The early Puritans forbid taverns by law from closing without permission of the government. The next log buildings to go up were churches, schools, and town halls or courthouses, and Dwight Smith’s history of Indiana outlines in more detail the many joint efforts in these struggling towns to share the burden of the expense. Freemasons would get together with the builders of the school or another community structure, like the courthouse, and share use and cost. The overall point being that they combined with another community building. It’s difficult to explain to the modern American mind the place of Freemasonry in the early development of America. In the tidewater cities of the original colonies, Masonry was nothing less than an integral part of the civic landscape. Lodges constantly opened their doors to non-Masonic community events. And in the West, the republican civic order represented by Freemasonry was a civic handmaiden that had never betrayed them.
By 1817, eight other lodges were at work in the new state of Indiana. During that summer the Brethren of Vincennes Lodge made the first overture to the other lodges that led to the eventual constituting of the Grand Lodge of Indiana.
The Masonic marker was originally erected on the campus of Vincennes University, but the school evicted it eventually when they began to discourage tourists from visiting its campus. It now stands in front of the Masonic Temple of Vincennes Lodge No. 1 at Fifth and Broadway.
This past Tuesday, I was privileged with the opportunity to briefly visit the new Masonic Library and museum. It has been well done and there are numerous items on display. Our history is something to be proud of.