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Queen Elizabeth IArtist: Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger Year: 1592Medium: Oil on canvas Dimensions: 241.3 x 152.4 cmLocat...
17/11/2022

Queen Elizabeth I
Artist: Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger
Year: 1592
Medium: Oil on canvas
Dimensions: 241.3 x 152.4 cm
Location: National Portrait of London, UK

Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger (1562 - 1636), son of the Flemish painter an engraver Marcus Gheeraerts the Elder, escaped from Bruges with his father to London to avoid religious persecution. Aged seven, Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger started a new life with his artist father, but little is known about him.
Elizabeth I is pictured, like a secular angel dripping with jewels and pearls, standing majestically on a map of the world with England (and Ditchley, Lee’s Oxfordshire home) having risen to the top of the globe beneath her delicate feet.

Title: Madame X (Madame Pierre Gautreau)Artist: John Singer Sargent (American, Florence 1856–1925 London)Date: 1883–84Cu...
16/11/2022

Title: Madame X (Madame Pierre Gautreau)
Artist: John Singer Sargent (American, Florence 1856–1925 London)
Date: 1883–84
Culture: American
Medium: Oil on canvas
Dimensions: 82 1/8 x 43 1/4in. (208.6 x 109.9cm)
Framed: 95 3/4 x 56 5/8 x 5 in. (243.2 x 143.8 x 12.7 cm)
Metropolitan Museum of Art

“Madame Pierre Gautreau (the Louisiana-born Virginie Amélie Avegno; 1859–1915) was known in Paris for her artful appearance. Sargent hoped to enhance his reputation by painting and exhibiting her portrait. Working without a commission but with his sitter’s complicity, he emphasized her daring personal style, showing the right strap of her gown slipping from her shoulder. At the Salon of 1884, the portrait received more ridicule than praise. Sargent repainted the shoulder strap and kept the work for over thirty years. When, eventually, he sold it to the Metropolitan, he commented, “I suppose it is the best thing I have done,” but asked that the Museum disguise the sitter’s name.”
Source photography and description: THE MET

Edwards Gardens—————————Ontario, CanadaDESIGNER: Rupert E. EdwardsOWNER: City of Toronto GARDEN STYLE: 20th-century natu...
10/11/2022

Edwards Gardens
—————————
Ontario, Canada

DESIGNER: Rupert E. Edwards
OWNER: City of Toronto
GARDEN STYLE: 20th-century naturalistic parkland
SIZE: 35 acres (14.1 ha)
CLIMATE: Continental cool summer
LOCATION: Toronto, Ontario

“The largest city in the second-largest country in the world has an ecologically inspired vision for its public spaces. Toronto wants the world to know this multicultural Canadian financial and arts center as “the city within a park.” As part of 593 parkland acres (240 ha) stretching along the valley floor of the River Don in central Toronto, Edwards Gardens, with its gardenesque planting, views of the rugged valley, large rock garden, teaching garden, and floral displays, contributes in no small way to that green dream. The dream began in 1944, when businessman Rupert E. Edwards purchased a home and created a pittoresque, painterly, and irregularly planted landscape reminiscent of the of the previous century.
He envisioned the land of public garden, a wish granted when the encroaching city acquired the property in 1956.
Edwards Gardens is famous for rhododendrons, but also features seasonal perennials and roses on the uplands with wildflowers, an arboretum, and one of the largest rockeries in Canada in the eroded riverbed below. The wild, natural style of the gardens helps them merge seamlessly with the bordering parks, where paths follow the meandering Wilket Creek and bridges linking natural valley pockets filled with ingenious trees, shrubs, and wildlife.
At its northern entrance, Edwards Gardens is adjacent to the recently refurbished home of the Toronto Botanical Garden, a separate, volunteer-based gardening education and informational center offering an excellent horticultural library.”-(PC, in 1001 Gardens/Canada 27-photography taken from the /1001 Gardens) —

Van Dusen Botanical Garden——————————————-British Columbia, CanadaDESIGNERS: William Livingstone, Roy FosterOWNER: City o...
09/11/2022

Van Dusen Botanical Garden
——————————————-
British Columbia, Canada

DESIGNERS: William Livingstone, Roy Foster
OWNER: City of Vancouver
GARDEN STYLE: 20th-century displays in landscape setting
SIZE: 55 acres (22.2 ha)
CLIMATE: Temperate
LOCATION: Vancouver, British Columbia

“The mild Pacific Northwest climate, more than 7,500 species of plant assembled from six continents, beautifully designed lakes and rockwork, and the proximity to Vancouver’s hip downtown combine to make Van Dusen Botanical Garden a favourite haunt of photographers, Garden enthusiasts, and tourists.
The garden evolves around majestic evergreen 🌲 trees scattered throughout the former Shaughnessy golf course, and sports thé largest Canadian collection of hollies, along with outstanding bamboos, magnolias, rhododendrons, and azaleas.
Upon entering the central courtyard, you can walk straight ahead into the traditional Herb 🌿 Garden, or stroll through the White Garden to the right. On the way to the Rock Garden, you will see dwarf conifers, a pool with water plants, miniature bulbs, and perennials. Stairs lead to the formal, renaissance-style Rose Garden planted with repeat-blooming roses, and outlined with box and santolina. The Perennial Gardens has a late-nineteenth-century border and contemporary island plantings. Then it is on the Heather Garden, via the little stone bridge, with Scots pine and birch 🌳, and heaths and heathers giving color for most of the year. Among others, there is also a Fragrance Garden and one of only three Elizabethan hedge mazes in North America.
With its rolling lawns, tranquil lakes, and dramatic rockwork, the Van Dusen Botanical Garden is one of the most pittoresque landscape settings from which to glimpse the mountains and the vibrant Vancouver cityscape.”(PC in 1001 Gardens/26-North America-Gardens with Soul/-1001 Before You Die Collection)

Nitobe Memorial Garden—————————————British Columbia, CanadaDESIGNER: Mori Kannosuke OWNER: University of British Columbi...
08/11/2022

Nitobe Memorial Garden
—————————————
British Columbia, Canada

DESIGNER: Mori Kannosuke
OWNER: University of British Columbia
GARDEN STYLE: Japanese tea and stroll garden
SIZE: 2.5 acres (1 ha)
CLIMATE: Temperate
LOCATION: Vancouver, British Columbia

“”I am in Japan,” said Crown Prince Tsugo, now his Imperial Majesty Akihito, the 125th Emperor of Japan, as he toured the Nitobe Memorial Garden at the University of British Columbia in 1992. The traditional Japanese Garden is considered to be one of the most traditional, authentic Japanese tea and stroll gardens in North America, and is among the top five Japanese gardens outside Japan.
Sitting high on the cliffs overlooking the Strait of Georgia, the small, exquisite garden was created out of pristine forest by Japanese landscape architects and gardeners in honour of Inazo Nitobe, an international scholar who died a few years before World War II. Nitobe had developed his life to peace and had worked tirelessly toward his goal of creating “a bridge across the Pacific.” . . .(PC/Canada-25; 1001 Gardens /For those who are interested - the text will be continued in Gardens with Soul)

Butchart Gardens —————————British Columbia, CanadaDESIGNERS: Jennie Gardens, Ian RossOWNERS: The Butchart family GARDEN ...
08/11/2022

Butchart Gardens
—————————
British Columbia, Canada

DESIGNERS: Jennie Gardens, Ian Ross
OWNERS: The Butchart family
GARDEN STYLE: 20th-century themed gardens
SIZE: 55 acres (22.3 ha)
LOCATION: Vancouver Island, British Columbia
——————————
“The mild temperatures mean
that there is nearly always
something in flower.”
——————————-

“At the beginning of the twentieth century, cement manufacturing pioneer Robert Pim Butchart established his business and family near rich limestone deposits at Tod Inlet on Vancouver Island.
Not long after, Butchart’s wife, Jennie, conceived and executed a bold plan for a sunken garden in the exhausted quarry near their house.
As the garden took shape, Robert began collecting ornamental birds, and build elaborate birdhouses throughout the garden. By 1908 the Butcharts had created a Japanese Garden on the seaside of their home. Later an Italian Garden and Rose Garden were added to the grounds. Today his descendants still manage the four, all-season, main garden areas with their spectacular views and exquisite designs, which continue to draw more than a million visitors a year. The mild temperatures mean that there is nearly always something in flower, starting with spring tulips — 100,000 in all
rhododendrons, azaleas, and Siberian wallflowers.
Aquilegias, delphiniums, and Himalayan blue poppies (Meconopsis betonicifolia) share the spotlight with tuberous begonias and sweet William (Dianthus barbatus) in summer. ( in 1001 Gardens - - pg-22 North America - )

Sobo | Sophisticated bohemian cuisine 🧑‍🍳 in a relaxed setting Location | Tofino Signature ✍️ dish | Crispy blue-corn to...
03/11/2022

Sobo | Sophisticated bohemian cuisine 🧑‍🍳 in a relaxed setting
Location | Tofino
Signature ✍️ dish | Crispy blue-corn tortilla taco 🌮 with spicy wild fish 🐟 and seasonal fruit salsa 💃 | 💲
————————-
“I want people to eat my food and
feel good enough to jump in that
kayak and enjoy an adventure.”
Lisa Ahier, chef and co-owner of Sobo
————————-

↕️Sobo’s tacos 🌮 unusually combine fish and fruit. (22 | The Americans • Canada
Photography by Jeremy Koreski - preloaded from book 📖 with a mobile 📲

Guillaume de Machaut | Ballades (MID-14TH CENTURY)———————————-Genre | Vocal Director | David Munrow Performers | Early M...
03/11/2022
𝔗𝔥𝔢 𝔄𝔯𝔱 𝔒𝔣 ℭ𝔬𝔲𝔯𝔱𝔩𝔶 𝔏𝔬𝔳𝔢 - Early Music Consort of London, dir. David Munrow

Guillaume de Machaut | Ballades (MID-14TH CENTURY)
———————————-
Genre | Vocal
Director | David Munrow
Performers | Early Music Consort London
Year recorded | 1973
Label | Virgin 5 61284 2 (2 CDs)
———————————-
“Guillaume de Machaut (c. 1300-77) stands between two traditions: He was the last major figure to write single-line free melodies in the tradition of trouvères (troubadours), and one of the first to compose in the new polyphonic and rhythmic style of the so-called Ars Nova.
In his youth, Machaut was in the service of Jean, King of Bohemia and Duke of Luxembourg, and followed the king’s political adventures in various part of Europe. Just before the king was killed in the Battle of Crécy in 1346, the composer 🎼 became a canon at the Cathedral of Reims, where he spent the rest of his days.
Machaut’s compositions clearly reflect the sacred and secular aspects of his life — he wrote a number of Latin works, together with pieces in the French language. Of his secular songs, the ballade was certainly his favourite type and he left forty-two of them. The poetic form of the ballade usually comprised three stanzas of eight lines, with the last two lines repeated in each verse as a refrain.
Machaut set each stanza in the musical form: A (lines 1-3); A (lines 4-6); B (lines 7-8). With one exception, Machaut’s ballades are all set polyphonically, demonstrating the composer’s technical mastery.
———————————
“O flower of melodic
masters . . . god of harmony,
now that you have gone,
who will replace you?”
Franciscus Andrieu
1001 Classical Recordings • Songs Must to Hear • Musical Instruments 1001 Before You Die Collection
—————————————
David Munrow’s recording includes seven ballades by Machaut. Munrow allocates the main voices to singers while to lower parts are taken by period instruments. The ballade “Dame se vous m’estés lointeinne” is performed by a bagpipe, since Machaut himself tells us that tus instrument will bring out its “true nature.” This recording is a lively, highly communicative reconstruction from which the listener can appreciate the interaction between one voice and another in the clearest way. This makes Munrow’s contribution stand out even decades after his death.(NM, in 1001 Classical Recordings/Pre-1700 |27)
———————————

Ensemble: Early Music Consort of London, dir. David MunrowAlbum: The Art Of Courtly LoveVideo: David Munrow playing flutehttp://www.facebook.com/musicamediev...

Guillaume de Machaut | Ballades (MID-14TH CENTURY)———————————-Genre | Vocal Director | David Munrow Performers | Early M...
03/11/2022

Guillaume de Machaut | Ballades (MID-14TH CENTURY)
———————————-
Genre | Vocal
Director | David Munrow
Performers | Early Music Consort London
Year recorded | 1973
Label | Virgin 5 61284 2 (2 CDs)
———————————-
“Guillaume de Machaut (c. 1300-77) stands between two traditions: He was the last major figure to write single-line free melodies in the tradition of trouvères (troubadours), and one of the first to compose in the new polyphonic and rhythmic style of the so-called Ars Nova.
In his youth, Machaut was in the service of Jean, King of Bohemia and Duke of Luxembourg, and followed the king’s political adventures in various part of Europe. Just before the king was killed in the Battle of Crécy in 1346, the composer 🎼 became a canon at the Cathedral of Reims, where he spent the rest of his days.
Machaut’s compositions clearly reflect the sacred and secular aspects of his life — he wrote a number of Latin works, together with pieces in the French language. Of his secular songs, the ballade was certainly his favourite type and he left forty-two of them. The poetic form of the ballade usually comprised three stanzas of eight lines, with the last two lines repeated in each verse as a refrain.
Machaut set each stanza in the musical form: A (lines 1-3); A (lines 4-6); B (lines 7-8). With one exception, Machaut’s ballades are all set polyphonically, demonstrating the composer’s technical mastery.
———————————
“O flower of melodic
masters . . . god of harmony,
now that you have gone,
who will replace you?”
Franciscus Andrieu
1001 Classical Recordings • Songs Must to Hear • Musical Instruments 1001 Before You Die Collection
—————————————
David Munrow’s recording includes seven ballades by Machaut. Munrow allocates the main voices to singers while to lower parts are taken by period instruments. The ballade “Dame se vous m’estés lointeinne” is performed by a bagpipe, since Machaut himself tells us that tus instrument will bring out its “true nature.” This recording is a lively, highly communicative reconstruction from which the listener can appreciate the interaction between one voice and another in the clearest way. This makes Munrow’s contribution stand out even decades after his death.(NM, in 1001 Classical Recordings/Pre-1700 |27)
———————————

Guillaume de Machaut | Ballades (MID-14TH CENTURY)———————————-Genre | Vocal Director | David Munrow Performers | Early M...
03/11/2022

Guillaume de Machaut | Ballades (MID-14TH CENTURY)
———————————-
Genre | Vocal
Director | David Munrow
Performers | Early Music Consort London
Year recorded | 1973
Label | Virgin 5 61284 2 (2 CDs)
———————————-
“Guillaume de Machaut (c. 1300-77) stands between two traditions: He was the last major figure to write single-line free melodies in the tradition of trouvères (troubadours), and one of the first to compose in the new polyphonic and rhythmic style of the so-called Ars Nova.
In his youth, Machaut was in the service of Jean, King of Bohemia and Duke of Luxembourg, and followed the king’s political adventures in various part of Europe. Just before the king was killed in the Battle of Crécy in 1346, the composer 🎼 became a canon at the Cathedral of Reims, where he spent the rest of his days.
Machaut’s compositions clearly reflect the sacred and secular aspects of his life — he wrote a number of Latin works, together with pieces in the French language. Of his secular songs, the ballade was certainly his favourite type and he left forty-two of them. The poetic form of the ballade usually comprised three stanzas of eight lines, with the last two lines repeated in each verse as a refrain.
Machaut set each stanza in the musical form: A (lines 1-3); A (lines 4-6); B (lines 7-8). With one exception, Machaut’s ballades are all set polyphonically, demonstrating the composer’s technical mastery. . . “
1001 Classical Recordings • Songs Must to Hear • Musical Instruments 1001 Before You Die Collectio .(NM, in 1001 Classical Recordings/Pre-1700 |27)
———————————

Portrait of Countess D'HaussonvilleJean Auguste Dominique IngresPortrait of Comtesse d'Haussonville is an 1845 oil on ca...
01/11/2022

Portrait of Countess D'Haussonville
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres

Portrait of Comtesse d'Haussonville is an 1845 oil on canvas painting by the French Neoclassical artist Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres.

The sitter, Louise de Broglie, Countess d'Haussonville, of the wealthy House of Broglie. The Princesse de Broglie, whom Ingres later portrayed c. 1851–53, was married to Louise's brother Albert de Broglie, the French monarchist politician, diplomat and writer. Highly educated, Louise de Broglie was later an essayist and biographer, and published historical romance novels based on the lives of Lord Byron, Robert Emmett and Margaret of Valois.

The painting is one of the few portrait commissions Ingres accepted at the time, as he was more interested Neoclassical subject matter, which to his frustration was a far less lucrative source of income than portraiture. He had made a preparatory sketch and had begun an oil and canvas version two years earlier, but abandoned the commission when de Broglie became pregnant and was no longer able to pose for the long periods he required, and she had anyway found indeterminable and "boring". The final work is signed and dated at the lower left.

By 1845 Ingres' fame was at its height, and he was much in demand as a portraitist. While lucrative, he found the format distracting from, and inferior to, his main interest of History painting. At the time, he committed to only two portraits; the current work and the Portrait of Baronne de Rothschild. Today, however, it is for portraits such as these for which he is best known.

Louise de Broglie (1818-1882) was 27 at the time of the portrait. Ingres had two to three years earlier sketched her with black chalk as a preparatory drawing, and begun a oil on canvas painting, which excludes the mirror and reflected images, and reverses the pose, but that was abandoned. The sessions were long and slow, and de Broglie found them long and boring, at one stage complaining "for the last nine days Ingres has been painting on one of the hands". She fell pregnant with her third child, was thus unable to pose further, and the 1842 painting remains unfinished.

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“Living well is the
best revenge.”
————————
George Herbert
Jacula Prudentum
1651
————————
1001 Quotations to Inspire your Life
“In addition to being a highly influential English metaphysical and religious poet, George Herbert was an inveterate collector of idiomatic verbal expressions.
His first publication in this area was Outlandish Proverbs Selected by Mr. G. H., in 1640. Twelve years later, he produced an expanded version of this work under the title Jacula Prudentum, in which the above quotation first appeared in print.
The underlying meaning is that people should never give their enemies the satisfaction of knowing that they have upset 😢 or hurt 😔 them; that no matter how great the humiliation to which one has been subjected, one must carry on as if undiminished by hostility and malice — put a brave face on it all.
In his youth, actor Rob Lowe was a Hollywood hellraiser. Around the time he starred in The Outsiders (1983), people said he was going to destroy himself, almost certainly professionally and probably physically as well.

But he cleaned up his act, married, had children and thirty years later he told The Huffington Post that he’d been inspired to go straight by the thought of the satisfaction he would thereby deny his detractors: ‘Living well is the best revenge’, he said. ( in Quotation at page 29)

——————————
George Herbert was a poet, orator, and priest of the Church of England. His poetry is associated with the writings of the metaphysical poets, and he is recognised as "one of the foremost British devotional lyricists." He was born into an artistic and wealthy family and largely raised in England. Wikipedia
Born: 3 April 1593, Montgomery
Died: 1 March 1633, Bemerton, Salisbury
Spouse: Jane Danvers (m. 1629–1633)
Place of burial: St. Andrew's Church, Bemerton, Salisbury
Parents: Magdalen Newport, Richard Herbert of Montgomery Castle
Education: University of Cambridge, Westminster School, Trinity College
Source: George Herbert https://g.co/kgs/XqnLRU


Portrait by Robert White in 1674 (National Portrait Gallery)
“It is always darkest just before the Day dawneth.”
—————-
Thomas Fuller
A Pisgah-Sight of Palestine and the Confines Thereof, 1650
——————

“Thomas Fuller was an English churchman and historian, and a prolific writer. The Pisgah in the title of this work was the name of high hill with a commanding view over the Holly Land.
This idea expressed here has become something of a proverbial commonplace, but there is no earlier recorded expression of it. It is unknown whether Fuller coined the phrase or was merely following previously established usage. (In the 1850s, Irish songwriter Samuel Lover claimed, without any supporting evidence, that the expression had been used in Ireland for hundreds of years.)
Among the best-known subsequent versions of the phrase was in ‘Dedicated to the one I Love’, a pop song by Lowman Pauling and Ralph Bass, which was a hit for The Shirelles in 1959 and the Mamas and the Papas in 1967 - ‘The darkest hour is just before dawn’.

It is worth noting that there is no scientific evidence to support this assertion. It is not necessary any darker at this time of the night any other. However, that does not weaken the point, which is metaphorical: it is often just when we think that everything is hopeless that matters begin to improve.”(JP in 1001 Questions at pages 28 - about Death and Life)



1001 Quotations to Inspire your Life
CATEGORY: Movie 🎥
————————————
The Birth of a Nation
D. W. Griffith, 1915
————————————
U. S. (D. W. Griffith & Epoch) 190m Silent BW
Producer: D. W. Griffith Screenplay: Frank E. Woods, D. W. Griffith, from the novel The Clansman: An Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan, the novel The Leopard’s Spots, and the play The Clansman by Thomas F.
Dixon Jr. Photography G. W. Bitzer
Music: Joseph Carl Breil, D. W. Griffith
Cast: Lilian Gish, Mae Marsh, Henry B. Walthall, Miriam Cooper, Mary Alden, Ralph Lewis, George Siegmann, Walter Long, Robert Harron, Wallace Reid, Joseph Henabery, Elmer Clifton, Josephine Crowell, Spottiswoode Aitken, George Beranger
————————————
“It is the biggest thing
I have undertaken, but
I shall not be satisfied
until I do something else
. . . I am, like all other
human beings, aiming
at perfection.”
D.W. Griffith, 1915
ℹ️
Griffith’s movie was the first film to be screened in the White House — 1915, for President Woodrow Wilson.
Source: (1001Movies2021)


“I retain’d nothing of France, but the language: My Father and Mother being people of better Fashion, than ordinarily the people call’d Refugees.”

Roxana
————-
Daniel Defoe
———————
Lifespan: b. 1660 (England), d. 1731
First Published: 1724
First Published by: T. Warner (London)
Original Title: The Fortunate Mistress
———————————————————-
“While Roxana, Defoe’s last and most complex novel, in less familiar among general readers than Robinson Crusoe, it has been well known to those interested in the development of the novel, because of its frank portrayal of its heroine’s fate - early destitution and the exchanging of her body for food and shelter, her many children and their abandonment, her lovers her failed reformations, and her enormous wealth.
Perhaps more important, however, than this list of sexual, social, and financial adventures is the voice that Defoe lends Roxana. In a notorious scene, Roxana puts her maidservant Amy into bed with her landlord-lover, saying to herself, and to us in effect, “I’m not a wife, but a w***e, and I want my maid to be a w***e to, and yet I am a wife and Amy is not a w***e but a victim, and yet we’ll do it all again”.
Such a voice, both self-estranging and self-engaging, becomes the string on which the events of the novel are strung, including relations with a French Prince, with the King of England, with a leading financial adviser, with an honest Dutch merchant. Scandalously, Roxana gets her children out of the way almost as soon as she has them, but towards the end, her daughter Susan, who has found employment as a servant girl in Roxana’s own house, comes back to haunt her mother with a child’s cry for recognition. Significantly Roxana’s name is also Susan, and in this climax of self-confrontation the novel descents inconclusively towards a final abandonment.”
—————————————
THE GREAT TRAIN ROBBERY
Edwin S. Porter, 1903
———————————-
U.S. (Edison) 12m Silent BW (hand-colored)
Screenplay: Scott Marble, Edwin S. Porter
Photography: Edwin S. Porter, Blair Smith
Cast: A.C. Abadie, Gilbert M. “Bronco Billy” Anderson, George Barnes, Walter Cameron, Frank Hanaway, Morgan Jones, Tom London, Marie Murray, Mary Snow
———————————
“In every respect we consider is absolutely the superior of any moving picture ever made.”
Edison Company Catalog, 1904
———————-
“Most historians regard The Great Train Robbery as the first Western, initiating a genre that, in few short years, became the most popular in American cinema. Made by the Edison Company in November 1903, The Great Train Robbery was the most commercially successful film of the pre-Griffith period of American cinema and spawned a host of imitations.
What is exceptional about Edwin S. Porter’s film is the degree of narrative sophistication, given the early date. There are over a dozen separate scenes, each further developing the story. In the opening scene, two masked robbers force a telegraph operator to send a false message so that train will make an unscheduled stop. In the next scene, bandits board the train. The robbers enter the mail car, and after a fight, open the safe. In the following scene, two robbers overpower the driver and fireman of the train and throw one of them off. Next, the robbers stop the train and hold up the passengers. One runs away and is shut. The robbers then escape aboard the engine, and in the subsequent scene we see them mount horses and ride off.
Meanwhile, the telegraph operator on the train sends a message calling for assistance. In a saloon, a newcomer is being forced to dance at gunpoint, but when the message arrives everyone grabs their rifles and exits. Cut to the robbers pursued by a posse. There is a shoot-out, and the robbers are killed.
There’s one extra shot, the best known in the film, showing one of the robbers firing point blank out of the screen. This was it seems, sometime shown at the start of the film, sometimes at the end. Either way, it gave the spectator a sense of being directly in the line of fire.
One actor in The Great Train Robbery was G.M. Anderson (real name Max Aronson). Among other parts, he played the passenger who is shot. Anderson was shortly to become the first star of Westerns, appearing as Bronco Billy in over hundred films, beginning in 1907.
In later years some have challenged the claim of The Great Train Robbery to be regarded as the first Western on the grounds that it is not the first or not a Western. It is certainly true that there are earlier films with a Western theme, such as Thomas Edison’s Cripple Creek Bar-Room Scene (1899), but they do not have the fully developed narrative of Porter’s film. It’s also true that it has its roots both in stage plays incorporating spectacular railroad scenes, and in orders films of daring robberies that weren’t Westerns. Nor can its claim to being a true Western be based on authentic locations, because The Great Train Robbery was shot on the Delaware and Lackawanna Railroad in New Jersey. But train robberies, sine the days of Jesse James, had been part of Western lore, and other iconic elements such as six-shooters, cowboy hats, and horses all serve to give the film a genuine Western feel.(EBfilms/23)
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